湖南武陵山片区农民收入多样性特征及其对贫困的影响

The Characteristics and Influence on Poverty of Farmers' Income Diversity in Wuling Mountain Area of Hunan Province

应用探索性和验证性定量分析方法,测度并探讨了2000～2012年间湖南武陵山片区农民收入多样性的时空演变特征及其对贫困的影响。研究发现,湖南武陵山片区农民收入的多样性程度不高且呈现＂先降后升＂的趋势,不同县市区间农民收入多样性程度差距不断缩小;多样性程度相似县市区在少数年份呈现出空间集聚而在大多数年份为随机分布;片区内娄邵片区、张家界片区农民收入多样性程度相对较高,怀化片区最低,湘西州片区则提升幅度最大,整体上高多样化县市区向娄邵片区和湘西州片区集中;局部空间格局中高-高（HH）、低-高（LH）类型有较大的空间迁移,而高-低（HL）、低-低（LL）类型在空间上分布相对稳定且大多数年份驻留在怀化片区,湘西州片区内县市区跨空间格局类型变迁最为剧烈;农民收入多样性对增加农民收入、降低贫困有着十分显著的影响。

Applying the exploratory and confirmatory quantitative research methods, this article measured and analyzed the spatio-temporal evolution characteristics and influence on poverty of farmers＇ income diversity in Wuling Mountain Area of Hunan Province during the period of 2000 to 2012. The results showed that, firstly, the diversity degree was low and followed the＂U＂shape trace, and the diversity gaps between different counties were narrowing gradually. Secondly, the counties which had the similar degrees of farmers＇ income diversity were clustered in a few years while scattered randomly in most of other years. Thirdly, the farmers who lived in the subareas of Loushao, Zhangjiajie had more diverse sources of income than those who lived in subareas of Huaihua and Xiangxi, and the farmers who lived in Huaihua subarea had the lowest income diversity degrees and those who lived in Xiangxi subarea experienced the fastest increase of income diversity, generally, more and more counties in the subareas of Loushao and Xiangxi had high diversity of farmers＇ income sources. Fourthly, during the period of 2000 to 2012, the local spatial patterns of HH（High-High） and LH（Low-High） had moved dramatically from counties to counties, while the other patterns of HL and LL were stable relatively and stayed in Huaihua subarea in most of years, and the counties which belong to Xiangxi subarea changed their local spatial patterns more frequently. Lastly, the diversity of income had obviously and significantly influence on increasing farmers＇ income and reducing poverty.