旅游目的地人为导致类危机属性构成:测量量表开发的视角

The Constitution of Man-made Tourism Destination Crisis Attributes: A Perspective of Scale Development

在国内外学者对危机属性研究的理论基础上,文章以2013年新疆巴楚恐怖袭击事件和2014年昆明火车站砍人事件为具体研究案例,开发旅游目的地人为导致类危机属性的测量量表,并采用探索性因子分析和3次验证性因子分析,探讨并检验此类危机事件的属性构成,然后关联这些属性维度对游客行为意图的影响。研究结果表明:研究所开发的量表整体结构良好,信度和效度都处于较好的水平,具有一定的稳定性和较好的适用性;可以认为旅游目的地人为导致类危机的属性构成基本包括了危害性、突发性、模糊性、机遇性、紧迫性、持续性、可能性和可控性等8个维度;旅游目的地人为导致类危机的各个属性对游客行为意图的影响有明显差异。同时,还对研究的理论意义、实践启示等进行了探讨。

Based on the theoretical foundation of researches done by scholars at home and abroad on tourism destination crisis attributes, the paper used the terrorist attack of Xinjiang Bachu in 2013 and the terrorism event of Kunming railway station in 2014 for specific case studies, and developed a measurement scale on the constitution of man-made tourism destination crisis attributes. Then, it explored and verified the constitution of such events＇ attributes by exploratory factor analysis and three times confirmatory factor analysis. This paper also analyzed the effects of these attribute dimensions on tourists＇ behavioral intentions. The results are as follows： First of all, the tests are reasonable. Three tests of Xinjiang events, Kunming events and overall data all present good internal consistency and applicability, and their reliability and validity are also at good level. Besides, the dimensions of man-made tourism destination crisis attributes are threat, sudden, ambiguous, opportunity, time pressure, persistence, probability and controllability. The factors show that these dimensions can be divided into two categories： positive and negative attributes. Among them, threat, sudden, ambiguous, time pressure, persistence, probability all have negative influence on tourist behavior intention, hence they are negative attributes. On the contrary, opportunity and controllability have positive influence on tourist behavior intention, so they belong to positive attributes. At last, different man-made tourism destination crisis attributes have significantly different impact on behavioral intentions of tourists. In addition, the mechanism between these attributes constitution and the tourist behavior intention is not the same. Meanwhile, the theory significance and practical implications of this research were also discussed. Given these results above, the author holds that this scale can not only be used as a measuring tool for man-made tourism destination crisis attributes in future research, but can also be provided as a reference for other types of tourism crisis. What＇s more, this paper also makes up for the empirical research of tourism destination crisis attributes. From the perspective of practice, the findings of this paper can give some guidance for tourists to realize the nature of man-made tourism destination crisis, and help them make reasonable travel decisions when they need. It also has definite guiding significance for the prediction and control of this type of crisis. In future studies, on the basis of this scale, we can explore the attributes of other types of crisis, such as natural disasters, environmental disasters, accidents and economic crisis. We can also use Chinese tourists and foreign tourists as research objects to compare the attributes of tourism destination crisis. As an exploratory and applicable study, this research also has some obvious shortcomings, so at the end of this paper, the author figured out the limitations of the paper and put forward the future research prospects.