实施密植高产机械化生产 实现玉米高产高效协同

Implementing Higher Population and Full Mechanization Technologies to Achieve High Yield and High Efficiency in Maize Production

为探索生产方式转变,实现玉米产量与效益协同提高,分析了玉米种植密度提高与单产增加的关系、不同产区玉米种植密度现状、增密种植的增产效果以及子粒机械直收技术的优势,构建了以筛选耐密抗倒适合机械化生产品种、密植增穗增产、提高群体整齐度、构建高质量群体、全程机械化作业、强化规模种植与统一管理、实施全成本核算为核心的玉米密植高产全程机械化生产技术模式。该模式2013年起被农业部遴选为全国玉米主推技术,在全国玉米主产区推广,创建了一批高产高效典型。其中,经农业部组织专家验收,2014年在新疆兵团71团创造了18 414kg/hm^2的全国玉米大面积高产纪录,净利润达到24 118.2元/hm^2,实现了玉米高产与高效协同,为玉米生产方式转变和发展现代玉米生产提供了典型案例。

In order to explore the transformation of the production mode, and achieve high yield and high efficiency of maize, we analyzed the relationship between the increases of planting density and yield of maize, present situation of planting density and yield increasing effects of increasing planting density in different areas, and advantages of grain mechanical harvest technique. We built higher population, high yield, and full mechanization production technology based on cultivars of lodging resistance under high planting density and suitable for mechanized production, and high planting density and high spike, and high population uniformity and quality, and full mechanization, and large-scale planting and unified management, and total cost accounting. This technology was selected as the national main maize push technology by Ministry of Agriculture. It was expanded in 71^st farm of Xinjiang Production and Construction Crops which created a high yield record of 18 414kg/hm^2 at a large scale and profit of 24 118.2 yuan/hm^2 and high yield and high efficiency were achieved. It provides a typical case for maize production transformation and development of modem maize production.