为民慎战:《晏子春秋》军事思想探析

Being Cautious in wars for the People: an Analysis of Military Thoughts in Yanzi's Spring and Autumn Annals

为了社稷安宁、人民幸福,《晏子春秋》提倡"慎战"理念。它认为国君应"不侵大国之地,不秏小国之民""欲服诸侯,必先安内""国中有贤,方能争雄""持义行勇,以仁为战""重民死力,遍赏有功"。该书的军事观念以反对战争为主,这与其"以民为本"的核心思想及所处的时代环境有关。但是它并不一味盲目反对战争,也主张君主在一定条件成熟的情况下,可以举兵征讨,其目的仍是为了各国百姓的安定生活。《晏子春秋》最推崇的是"不出于尊俎之间,而折冲于千里之外"的高超军事艺术,因为从某种程度上来说,这对敌我双方是一种双赢。

In order to maintain the peaceful country and happy life, Yanzi＇s Spnng andAutumn Annals advocated the concept of ＂being cautious in war＂. It held that the emperor should ＂not invade the great countries, not deplete the people in small countries＂, ＂stabilize the country first to conquer the other feudal princes＂, ＂contend for hegemony only when there are talents in the country＂, ＂hold the righteousness and courage, and fight for the benevolence＂, ＂value people and reward all contributions＂. The military ideas in this book mainly opposed to the war, which was related to the ＂people-oriented＂ core idea and the era environment. However, it did not just blindly oppose to the war; instead, it also advocated that the emperor could fight under certain mature conditions, but it still aimed for the stable life of the people in each country. What Yanzi＇s Spring andAutumn Anna/s advocated most was the excellent military art ＂not show up in the banquet, but defeat the enemy thousands miles away＂, because it was a win-win situation for both sides to some extent.