内蒙古辉河水坝细石器遗址1996年发掘简报

A preliminary report on the excavation in 1996 of the Huihe Dam Microlithic Site,Inner Mongolia

辉河水坝细石器遗址于1975年在内蒙古呼伦贝尔草原发现，并于1996年进行第一次正式发掘。新石器时代文化层距今8555-4000年，本文主要对此次发掘所获的2654件石制品进行报告与初步研究。通过级差动态分类发现，这批石制品中的制作类型比例较高，石片、细石叶和副产品的数量较大，但未发现石制品原料或毛坯，表明工匠可能在原料产地先进行初步整形，将预制毛坯带回营地，进而加工成器。石制品组合有石片石核、细石核、石核修理石片、剥片程度不同的石片和细石叶、副产品、成形工具以及破损品等，反映出人类行为涵盖了操作序列的生产、使用和废弃三个阶段。细石核预制技术稳定娴熟，普遍存在台面预制和修理现象。出土工具体型较小，精致程度较高，以石镞、端刮器、石刀、细石叶工具等为典型，表明狩猎和加工动物性材料是该工具的主要作用任务。根据推测，遗址内存在分区活动和协调作业的现象，可能是当地史前人类的一处使用时间较长的营地。

The Huihe Dam Microlithic site is located in Hulun Buir area. The site was discovered in 1975, and an area of 150m^2 was excavated in 1996 by Inner Mongolia Institute of Archaeology. Eight stratigraphic layers were identified at the site, and archaeological materials were mainly unearthed from the 4-8 layers. It can be inferred from the excavation that the Huihe Dam site shows close relationship with the Hake Culture on basis of the sediment. More than 4000 stone artifacts were excavated and collected from the site. According to the ＂hierarchical dynamic typology＂, the 2654 pieces of stone artifacts excavated from 6-8 layers were classified into three groups： manufacture, usage and discard, including flakes, blades, cores and various kinds of tools. General features of these artifacts are summarized as follows： 1） Lithic raw materials were dolomite mainly, which were procured locally from riverbeds. 2） Most cores were intentionally prepared, since lots microblade cores in wedge-shape and core trimming flakes were found. 3） In this assemblage, microblade technology was applied, as well as flake technology. Some artifacts similar to geometric microliths remain further analysis. 4） Various tools appeared small size dominantly, and composite tools were found. 5） Most tools were retouched unifically at edges. Bifacial thinning and backed techniques were applied. 6） Several artifacts were modified by grinding technique at edge partially. 7） Broken artifacts were unearthed and dominated by scrapers.