中国东部与西部汉族小学生体质发育差异的动态变化

A study of physical differences between eastern and western Han students in China

为了揭示中国东西部汉族小学生体质发育差异的动态变化,应用文献资料法和数理统计法,将中国学生体质与健康1985年和2010年两次调研中有关东部和西部汉族小学生体质数据进行统计和对比分析。结果表明:东部小学生体质持续优于西部小学生且总体上差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),东西部小学生的身体形态、身体机能及城市小学生体育素质呈拉大的趋势,东西部乡村小学生的体育素质呈缩小的趋势;东西部小学生身体形态发育处于增长的长期趋势;东西部小学生肺活量全面下降具有统计学意义(P<0.05),西部小学生下降速度快于东部小学生;东西部小学生耐力跑全面下降而斜身引体全面提高且具有统计学意义(P<0.05);东西部小学生体育素质发展差异的特征比较明显,东部小学生体育素质项目提高数量、幅度和速度高于西部小学生而下降的数量、幅度和速度低于西部小学生。

The purpose of this work is to explain Han student physical differences between eastern and western China from two investigations in 1985 and 2010 dealing with student constitution and health. The results shows that students in the eastern primary school are superior and statistically significant to the ones in western China （P〈0.05）. Overall elementary student body shape, function and urban primary school student physical qualities shows a trend of widening, in contrast to overall rural elementary student physical quality that shows a trend of widenening. Eastern and western elementary student body shape development is expressed in a long-term trend growth with a decline in lung capacity （P〈0.05） where western students are less than eastern. Eastern and western elementary students endurance running shows a decline whereas body pull-ups capabilities inclined and have statistical significance （P〈0105）. Differences of physical quality between eastern and western students are obvious, with eastern primary school students showing better physical quality in terms of quantity, range and speed, but with number, size and speed lower than western students.