水面舰艇编队的最佳防空队形探讨

Discussion on Surface Ship's Best Air Defense Formation

最佳防御队形以编队对来袭导弹的可探测面积尽可能大为前提,并以"抗饱和攻击能力"为衡量标准.各方向的可拦截批次受两方面因素限制:一是来袭导弹被发现时其与指挥舰的距离,一般距离越大,防御准备就越充分,可拦截批次就越大;二是护卫舰到来袭导弹轨迹的距离,一般距离越小,单次拦截时间就越短,可拦截批次就越大.定义以概率1可拦截批次最小的方向为最危险方向,经计算初始队形各方向可拦截的批次不等,通过"削峰补谷"的方式予以均衡和优化.若以拦截批次的期望为标准,最危险方向与以概率1可拦截的批次为标准的结果相同.如果得到空中预警机的信息支援,在最危险方向上编队就可更早地对距离指挥舰148.4km远的导弹发起拦截,增大编队的抗饱和攻击能力,但由于防空导弹射程限制,预警机提供的信,息支援无法得到充分利用,此时限制编队抗饱和攻击能力的主要矛盾转向防空导弹的射程.

The best defensive formation against incoming missiles is based on the greatest detectable area scale, and is measured by ＂anti-saturated-attack capability＂. Intercepted batches from each direction can be limited by two factors： the first one is the distance from the command ship to the incoming missile when the incoming missile is found, the greater the distance, the more adequate the defense readiness and the greater the intercepting batch; the second is the distance between frigate and incoming missile trajectory, generally the smaller the intercepting distance, the shorter the time of single intercept and the great the intercept batch. The direction of the least intercepting batch with probability 1 is defined the most dangerous direction. Each direction＇s batches can be intercepted of initial formation varies a lot by calculating, through ＂peak load shifting＂ way to balance and optimize. Taking intercepted batch expectations as the standard, the most dangerous direction and the batches probability 1 can be intercepted are same. With the support of AWACS, formation can make an earlier interception to launching missiles far from the command ship 148.4 Km on the most dangerous direction, so that the anti-saturated-attack capability is increased. However, due to the limit of air defense missile＇s range, the information provided by AWACS underutilized. Now the main contradiction limiting the formation＇s anti-saturated-attack capability turns to the range of anti-aircraft missiles.