硬质合金车梳加工中切削颤振的研究

Research on Cutting Chatter during Cemented Carbide Turn-chasing

车梳加工是现今汽车发动机曲轴主轴颈粗、半精加工时广泛应用的切削工艺。本文介绍了车梳加工的切削机理及其应用。通过车梳拉专用机床以及自行搭建的颤振实验平台来检测工件每时每刻的振动位置,以此来比较梳型刀片与普通车刀片的切削颤振情况和加工表面质量以及针对精加工的各切削参数对车梳加工切削颤振的影响。实验结果表明:在相同切削参数和切削余量下,梳型刀片的切削颤振大于C型刀片,加工表面粗糙度略低于C型刀片,切削效率则远远高于C型刀片;背吃刀量和进给速度增大时梳型刀片切削颤振增大,主轴转速增大时切削颤振减小。

Turn-chasing is a cutting process widely used for the main shaft neck of automotive engine crankshaft in the rough machining and semi-finishing. In this research the turn-chasing cutting mechanism and its application are introduced. Through special machine tools for turn-chasing and flutter experiment platform, the vibration location of the workpiece was detected; the cutting chatter condition and the machining surface quality of the insert with comb blade and the regular turning tool were compared; moreover, the effect of cutting parameters for precision machining on the chatter of turn-chasing process was studied. The experimental results show that under the same cutting parameters and cutting allowance, for the insert with the comb type blade, the cutting chatter is greater than that of the C type blade, the surface roughness is slightly lower than that of the C type blade, the cutting efficiency is far higher than that of the C type blade, the cutting chatter increases when the cutting depth and feed rate are increased, and the cutting chatter decreases when the spindle speed is increased.