行为问题学龄儿童的人格特征与父母养育方式的相关性

The Relationships between Personality Traits and Parental Rearing Patterns of School-aged Children with Behavior Problems

目的:探讨行为问题学龄儿童的人格特征、父母养育模式及父母养育模式对儿童人格特征的影响。方法:采用Rutter儿童行为问卷(父母问卷)筛查行为问题儿童,应用艾森克人格问卷(幼年版)(EPQ-Junior)及父母养育方式评价量表(EMBU)评估56例行为问题儿童(研究组)及56例正常儿童(对照组)的人格特征与父母养育方式。结果:(1)研究组的内-外向(E)维度评分值显著低于对照组,情绪稳定性(N)维度评分值显著高于对照组,两组间差异均有统计学意义(t=-2.186,P<0.05;t=4.020,P<0.01);(2)EMBU的母亲情感温暖、理解与父亲情感温暖、理解两个因子的评分显著低于对照组,两组间比较有统计学意义(t=-2.448,P<0.05;t=-4.607,P<0.01),父亲惩罚、严厉与父亲过分干涉两项因子的评分显著高于对照组,两组间比较均具有统计学意义(t=4.307,P<0.01;t=2.168,P<0.05);(3)研究组内-外向(E)与母亲情感温暖、理解因子及父亲情感温暖、理解因子均呈显著正相关(r=0.307,0.299;P<0.05),情绪稳定性(N)与母亲情感温暖、理解因子及父亲情感温暖、理解因子均呈显著负相关(r=-0.292,-0.264;P<0.05),与母亲过度干涉、保护因子、父亲惩罚、严厉因子及父亲过分干涉因子均呈显著正相关(r=0.361,0.359,P<0.01;r=0.300,P<0.05)结论:行为问题学龄儿童的人格特征、父母养育模式与正常儿童存在差异,其人格特征与父母不良养育模式可能存在显著相关性。

Objective：To explore the personality traits,parental rearing patterns and the influence of parental rea-ring patterns upon personality traits of school-aged children with behavior problems.Methods：Children behavior problems were assessed with Rutter Children＇s Behavioural Questionnaires for parents.5 6 school-aged children with behavior problems（study group）and 5 6 normal controls（control group）were assessed with the Eysenck Personality （junior）Questionnaire（EPQ）,Egma Minnen av Bardndom Uppforstran,（EMBU）.Results：①Study group showed significantly lower scores on extraversion in EPQ than control group,the neuroticism scales were significantly higher in study group than controls（t=-2.186,4.020;P〈0.05）.② EMBU parental emotional warmth and understanding of the study group got lower scales（t=-2.448,-4.607;P〈0.01）,fatherly severe-punishment scores and excessive in-terference scales were higher than that in control group（t=4.307,2.168;P〈0.05）.③ The scales of EPQ extraver-sion in study group were positively correlated with those of EMBU parental emotional warmth and understanding（r=0.307,0.299;P〈0.05）;The scales of EPQ neuroticism were negatively correlatedwith those of EMBU parental e-motional warmth and understanding（r=-0.292,-0.264;P〈0.05）,positively correlated with those of EMBU mater-nal excessive interference,fatherly severe-punishment and excessive interference（r=0.361,0.359,0.300;P〈0.05）. Conclusion：The personality traits and parental rearing patterns of school-aged children with behavior problems are different from normal controls,and the unhealthy parental rearing styles may contribute to their personality traits.