民初文言政论与古文传统——以“甲寅文体”为个案的考察

Classical Chinese Political Comments in the Early Republic of China and the Tradition of Ancient Chinese Prose:A Case Study with "Jiayin Style"

晚清以来,文言政论文的主要风格从宣传政见、煽动情绪渐渐走上辨疑析理,文章的深度、广度、逻辑性、严密性都大为增强。章土钊的"甲寅文体"被认为是文辞谨严、讲求逻辑、注重学养的论说文典范,既有欧化的一面,又与唐宋古文、桐城派古文以及八股时文有密切的关系,代表着古文传统在清末民初的新变。它推崇柳文精致的修辞技巧,但却有着混杂的语汇和西化的句法;它认同桐城派的"雅洁"之说,却突破了文言不宜说理的限制,写出了桐城派力所不及的大文章;它存有八股时文的遗风,但在精神上却反对八股文;它采纳有骈文的成分,但都是服务于散体的。"甲寅文体"的成就提醒人们,将近代以来的文言散文视为一个不成气候的尾声,对其中蕴藏的某些现代性因素和由此产生的重要变化视而不见,或许是一种有待修正的成见。

Sine the late Qing Dynasty, the classical Chinese political comments changed gradually the style from popularizing political ideas and igniting emotions to reasoning, and the depth, width, logic, and integrity of articles improved much. Zhang Shizhao＇s ＂Jianyin Style＂ is regarded as classic of integrate, logical and academic argumentations. Characterized with both European features and features in Tang and Song ancient proses, Tongcheng ancient proses and eight-part essays, it represents the new changes of the tradition of ancient Chinese prose during the period of late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China. It prefers the exquisite rhetorical techniques in Liu prose, while has complicate vocabulary and western syntax. It agrees with Tongcheng scholars＇ ＂fine and clean＂ theory, while breaks the limit of ancient Chinese prose not reasoning to accomplish great articles that could not be produced by Tongcheng scholars. It keeps the reminiscence of the eight-part essays, while opposes spiritually the eight-part essays. It adopts elements from parallel prose, while only for the purpose of facilitating prose style. What the ＂Jiayin Style＂ has achieved reminds us that it is a prejudice to regard classical Chinese prose in modem times as a defeated closure or to ignore its implied modem elements and consequent importance changes, which needs to be revised.