国有石油公司与民营企业油气勘探开发合同联营合法性案例分析

A case study of joint venture in oil and gas exploration and development contract between state-owned oil companies and private enterprises

石油公司从事油气资源勘查开采必须经国务院批准,油气勘查开采实行国家一级管理,从事油气勘查活动必须取得油气勘查许可证,从事油气开采活动必须取得油气采矿许可证,这些法律法规的规定形成了我国石油天然气勘探开采领域的垄断。A油田分公司与民营企业合作进行的风险勘探开发油气资源项目采用合同联营的形式,依据的法律关系是《民法通则》第五十三条。国有石油公司在油气勘查开采领域与民营企业合同联营符合民法通则规定,满足"法未禁止"与"法无授权"的要求。对此,一方面,不宜对相关法律法规中关于"油气资源勘探开发资质门槛"的法律条文进行扩大解释,另一方面,需要关注"利益输送"和"合作方的选取是否存在违法情节"的议题。在国家鼓励民间资本参与能源领域投资的环境下,A油田分公司在D项目上的运作模式是对油气上游混合所有制改革的一种有益探索。

Monopoly in the field of oil and gas exploration and development has been formed by these laws and regulations which include oil and gas resources exploration and exploitation from approval of the State Council, management by national top management and exploration license or mining license acquired before the activity. Under the Article 53 of the General Principles of Civil Law, the venture oil and gas exploration project that A oilfield branch cooperated with private enterprises under the joint venture in contract and meets the requirement of ＂not prohibited by law＂ and ＂not authorized by law＂. It is inadvisable to do the further explanation about the qualification of the oil gas exploration and development; and focus on the issues of ＂profit funneled＂ and ＂illegal acts＂. Under the circumstance of encouraging private capital investment in energy sector from the government, the cooperation operation mode on the project D done by A oilfield is a helpful exploration for the mixed ownership reform of oil and gas upstream.