参与式工效学在预防工作相关肌肉骨骼疾患中的应用

Functions of participatory ergonomics programs in reducing work-related musculoskeletal disorders

工作相关肌肉骨骼疾患是一种慢性非致死性疾病，是职业人群常见的健康问题，尤其在劳动密集型行业。在国外，参与式工效学已广泛应用于工作场所中肌肉骨骼疾患的预防。本文依据参与式工效学的组织、实施及其影响因素和特点，介绍参与式工效学在预防肌肉骨骼疾患中的应用。参与式工效学方式可帮助工人识别作业过程中的危险因素并制定相应的干预方案。企业可通过开展参与式工效学项目改善工作条件、减少肌肉骨骼疾患相关危险因素的暴露及预防相关疾患的发生，以促进职工健康。

Work-related musculoskeletal disorders （MSDs） are most commonly seen in all the occupational non-fatal injuries and illnesses for workers, especially those who are involved in labor-intensive industries. Participatory ergonomics is frequently used to prevent musculoskeletal disorders. This paper gives an overview of a historical perspective on the use of participatory ergonomics approach in reducing the health effects of labor-intensive industries. Progress, barriers and facilitators on the organization, implementation and evaluation of participatory ergonomics programs are studied. Participatory ergonomics seems a successful method to develop, prioritize measures to prevent MSDs. Participatory ergonomics can help industries reduce musculoskeletal injuries and disorders, improve workplace condition and promote health conditions of the workers.