人体内自由基的研究进展

Research progress on free radicals in human body

自由基是人体代谢的中间产物，广泛存在于人体中。正常情况下，自由基在人体新陈代谢，细胞信号传导和基因调节，诱导细胞增殖、凋亡，维持人体正常生长发育以及在抑制细菌病毒和癌症等方面起着重要作用。然而，当机体发生病变或受外界环境因素影响、体内自由基产生/清除平衡被打破时，自由基又会与人体内脂质、蛋白质和核酸发生反应，从而危及健康。本文从人体内自由基的种类、寿命、来源、检测方法、清除机制及其与人类健康的关系等方面综述了近年来对自由基的研究进展，并分析了多环芳烃等环境污染物介导体内氧化应激及体内自由基清除的可能机制。

Free radicals are the intermediates of metabolism, widely exist in the human bodies. Under normal circumstances, the free radicals play an important role in the metabolic process on human body, cell signal pathway, gene regulation, induction of cell proliferation and apoptosis, so as to maintain the normal growth and development of human body and to inhibit the growth of bacteria, virus and cancer. However, when organic lesion occurs affected by external factors or when equilibrium of the free radicals is tipped in the human body, the free radicals will respond integratedly with lipids, protein or nucleic acid which may jeopardize the health of human bodies. This paper summarizes the research progress of the free radicals conducted in recent years, in relations to the perspective of the types, origins, test methods of the free radicals and their relationship with human＇s health. In addition, the possible mechanisms of environmental pollutants （such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons） mediating oxidative stress and free radicals scavenging in the body were also summarized.