南京市大气污染减排多维度环境绩效评估

Environmental Performance Evaluation of Air Pollution Reduction in Multiple Dimensions in Nanjing City

污染减排的环境绩效评估是经济发展转型、环境应急保障和环境绩效审计等领域研究热点。运用脱钩分析工具、空气质量模式和环境绩效审计方法,从宏观、中观、微观3个维度定量评估了南京市大气污染减排的环境绩效。结果表明:(1)2006-2013年工业经济增长与SO_2、NO_x和废气排放量基本实现脱钩,第二产业和重工业比重呈下降趋势,污染减排优化经济转型作用明显。(2)青奥会大气环境保障期间,临时管控方案情景下,SO_2、NO_x、PM_(10)和PM_(2.5)实际减排比例分别为29%、25%、65%和45%,相对应地SO_2、NO_x、PM_(10)和PM_(2.5)浓度环比分别下降18.8%、15%、35.4%和37%,大气污染减排与空气质量改善具有较好的响应关系。(3)"十一五"以来南京市电力行业单位发电量排放的SO_2、NO_x分别下降了78.7%、53.0%,大气污染减排技术改造的环境绩效显著,从降低PM_(2.5)浓度角度燃煤电厂可考虑实施超低排放改造。

Environmental performance evaluation is issues of concerns in economic transition,environmental contingency security and environmental performance auditing. Utilizing decoupling analysis tools,air quality model and environmental performance audit method,environmental performance of air pollution reduction was evaluated in macroscopic,middle and micro dimensions of Nanjing City. The results indicate SO2,NOx and exhaust emission were in the condition of decoupling in general from 2006 to 2013,the second industry structure and heavy industry structure were in downtrend,pollutant reduction contributed to economic transition markedly. During the period of air quality assurance for the 2nd Summer Youth Olympic Games in Nanjing,through the implementation of air quality security control measures,in comparison of July 2014,SO2,NOx,PM10 and PM2.5emission were decreased by 29%, 25%, 65% and 45%, SO2,NOx,PM10 and PM2.5ambient concentration were decreased by 18.8%,15%,35.4% and 37% correspondingly,the response relation of air quality to air pollution reduction is remarkable. SO2,NOxemission intensity were decreased by 78.7%,53.0%,technological transformation of air pollution reduction in power industry was remarkable. In order to reduce the ambient concentration of PM2.5,it is necessary to implement ultra-low flue gas emission in thermal power plant of Nanjing.