新中国成立初期的农村生产互助与国家扶助措施研究

The Research of Rural Production Mutual Assistance and National Support Measures in the Early of New China

新中国成立初期,土地改革是国家发展农业和改造农村社会的一项重要政策。在各地完成土地改革后,农民虽然分到了土地,但由于缺乏必要的生产资料,许多地区的农业生产无法正常开展。传统社会中的劳动互助变工成为土地改革后解决农村生产困难的主要方式。为进一步在农业生产中开展变工互助,国家向农民发出了"组织起来"的号召,并采取了为互助组优先提供国家贷款、新式农具、优良品种、农用药械等生产扶助措施。这些措施不但改良了传统农业,解决了农业生产资料缺乏的问题,而且促进了新型农业互助组织的发展,成为构建农村新社会的重要途径。

In the early of new China the land reform was an important policy of developing agriculture and transforming rural society.After finishing the land reform at all regions,though farmers were distributed land,but because of lacking necessary means of production agricultural production in lots of regions couldn't be carried out.Labor mutual exchange work in traditional society became the main way to solve rural production difficulties after the land reform.To further develop mutual aid of exchanging work in agricultural production,the state issued the call of 'to organize' to farmers and give priority in national loans,new tools,good strains,agricultural chemical and tools and other production aid measures to rural mutual groups.Those measures not only improved the traditional agriculture and solved the problem of lacking means of agricultural production,but also promoted the development of a new type of agricultural mutual aid organizations,which became the important way to build a new rural society.