广藿香药材的高效薄层色谱指纹图谱研究

Study on the HPTLC chromatographic fingerprint of Pogostemon cablin

目的建立广藿香药材不同提取部位的高效薄层色谱(HPTLC)指纹图谱,通过比较分析来评价商品广藿香药材的质量。方法采用硅胶GF254高效预制薄层板,广藿香挥发油以石油醚-乙酸乙酯-甲酸(10∶3∶0.05)为展开剂,喷50 g·L^(-1)香草醛浓硫酸,于105℃加热,置可见光下检视;石油醚部位分别以石油醚-乙酸乙酯-甲酸(10∶1.5∶0.05、10∶3∶0.05)为展开剂,分别喷50 g·L^(-1)香草醛浓硫酸和50 g·L^(-1)三氯化铝乙醇,于105℃加热后分别置可见光下和紫外灯(366 nm)下检视;甲醇部位以石油醚-乙酸乙酯-甲醇-甲酸(7.5∶1.8∶1∶0.125)为展开剂,喷50 g·L^(-1)三氯化铝乙醇溶液,于105℃加热后,置紫外灯(366 nm)下检视;将广藿香不同提取部位的HPTLC指纹图谱导入指纹图谱系统解决方案软件(Chromap 1.5)中生成共有模式,并进行相似度分析。结果广藿香挥发油的指纹图谱与对照品对照,指认了其中的百秋李醇成分;石油醚部位图谱经香草醛浓硫酸显色,由8个特征条带构成,且指认了百秋李醇成分,经三氯化铝乙醇显色,由10个特征条带构成;甲醇部位图谱由10个特征条带构成。结论不同商品的广藿香挥发油所含化学成分相似。石油醚部位提取的脂溶性物质,经香草醛浓硫酸显色后的化学成分相似,经三氯化铝乙醇显色后的化学成分因商品不同而差异较大。甲醇部位化学成分因商品不同相差很大。以上各部位的薄层色谱,尤其是石油醚部位经不同显色剂显色得到的指纹图谱可作为一种简便、快速的方法用于鉴定不同商品广藿香药材的质量。

OBJECTIVE To establish a high - performance thin - layer chromatographic （HPTLC） fingerprints of Pogostemon cablin from different extraction parts of the whole plant, as well as analyze and evaluate its quality. METHODS The extractions were separated by pre - coated HPTLC GF254silica - gel plate. For volatile components, the mixture of petroleum ether - ethyl acetate - methanoic acid （10 ： 3 ： 0.05 ）was used as the mobile phase, and 50 g·L^-1 vauillin sulfuric acid was adopted at 105 ℃ ,then it was observed in visible light. For petroleum - ether components ,the mixture of petroleum ether - ethyl acetate - methanoic acid （ 10 ： 1.5 ： 0.05 ） and petroleum ether - ethylacetate - methanoic acid （ 10 ＂ 3 ＂ 0.05 ）were used as the mobile phase respectively, and 50 g·L^-1 vanillin sulfu- ric acid and 50 g·L^-1 alchlor in ethanol were adopted at 105 ℃, then they were observed in visible light and UV366 nm, respectively. As the same, For methanol components, the mixture of petroleum ether - ethyl acetate - ethanol - methanoic acid （7.5 ： 1.8 ： 1 ： 0. 125 ） was used as the mobile phase,and 50 g·L^-1 alchlor was adopted in ethanol at 105 ℃ ,then it was observed at UV 366 nm. The common pattern of HPTLC fingerprints were obtained through Chromap 1.5 solution software. Similarity, quality assessment could be analyzed. RESULTS Compared with the reference substance, patchouli alcohol could be recognized in volatile and petroleum - ether - extract components, while the common pattern of the petroleum - ether - extract components （ developing with 50 g·L^-1 vanillin sulfuric acid） consisted of 8 characteristic peaks. The common pattern of the petroleum - ether - extract components （ developing with 50 g·L^-1 alchlor in ethanol） and the methanol - extract components both consisted of 10 characteristic peaks. CONCLUSION The volatile components are similar in commercial drugs. The petroleum - ether - extract components （ developing with 50 g·L^-1 vanillin sulfuric acid） are similar, while when it developing with 50 g·L^-1 alchlor in ethanol, the chemical components vary a lot among different herbs. The methanol -extract components also vary a lot. HPTLC ,especially the petroleum -etherextract part can be used as a simple and quick way to evaluate the quality of commercial P. cablin from different batches.