辽西夏金“天使”考

The “Sacred Envoy”of Liao,Tangut and Jin Dynasty

"天使"一词在辽西夏金代文献中频繁出现,但其含义、性质并不完全相同。西夏金代的"天使"承袭了辽代的"天使"制度,并在继承的基础上进行了创新。辽朝"天使"为对皇帝使者的尊称,表示一种身份,并非官职;西夏金朝"天使"也是对使者的称呼,但可能不是专指皇帝的使者,也有可能是指将帅的使者;此外西夏"银牌天使"可能成为一种官职,相当于宋朝的内殿承班。

The＂sacred envoy＂ frequently appears in the literature of Liao, Tangut and Jm Dynasty, put its meanm$ unu u,~u,~ are not the same. The ＂sacred envoy＂ of Tangut and Jin Dynasty inherited from the system of Liao Dynasty, then has been innovated and developed greatly on the basis of it. As a kind of identity, the＂ sacred envoy＂ was an honorific title for emperor＇ s messengers, not an offical position in Liao Dynasty. Although the ＂sacred envoy＂ of Tangut and Jin Dynasty was also a kind of call for messenger, it may not speeially refer to emperor＇ s messengers. It was possible to refer to general＇ s messengers. In addition, the ＂silver sacred en- voy＂ of Tangut may be a kind of offieal position, equivalent to the Celia Cheng Ban of Song dynasty.