实然性“人的研究”与青少年研究的持续发展——人性、民族性与国民素质研究视野下的青少年研究前景刍议

Human Nature,National Characteristics and Development of Populace's Cultivation——Development and Perspective of the History of Researches of Human Being & Development of Researches of Youth

"人的研究"大致可分为"应然性"与"实然性"的研究。"应然性"研究主要是对人的理想性发展的研究,指向较远的未来,"实然性"研究主要是对人的实际状况的研究,指向历史与现实,也指向人的发展的当下可能性研究。本文主要是对人的发展的可能性研究进行系统性梳理,并对"人性"、"民族性"与"国民素质"的内涵与发展目标加以建构性的大致界定,对其相互的关联发展展开假设性的思考。本文认为,关于实然性"人的研究"的梳理整合有可能使"人的研究"真正成为一种"自觉-自为"的研究,有助于我们构建"关于人的科学的历史"(埃德加·莫兰)。"人的研究"是青少年研究基础理论的重要组成部分。由于历史的原因,长期以来,青少年研究的理论重心基本上偏向应然性"人的研究"。随着实然性"人的研究"的梳理与系统性整合,青少年研究的理论重心有望在应然性与实然性"人的研究"间得到均衡。这无疑有助于青少年研究更接"地气",更贴近现实与科学,从而推动为青少年研究的持续发展。

The article considers that the research of human beings can be generally divided into ＂idealistic＂research and ＂realistic＂research. The ＂idealistic＂research targets on the ideal and future development of human beings while the ＂realistic＂research talks about the reality of human beings,which focuses on the historical and current status of human beings,and studies the ＂present＂possibility of the future development of human beings. The authors comb the development possibility of human beings systematically,distinguish the essential notations of ＂human- nature＂,＂national characteristics＂and ＂the populace＇s cultivation＂,and think of the interaction and development between them. The authors believe that the study of ＂realistic＂nature of human beings can possibly make the research into status of ＂consciousness＂and ＂self- action＂,and help us build a ＂history of science of human beings＂（ Edgar Morin）,and that the researches of human beings will be the basis and an accelerator of the researches of youth.