硼氮配施对棉花产量、叶柄环带以及养分吸收的影响

Effects of the combined application of nitrogen and boron on the yield,petiole annulus and nutrient uptake of cotton

通过田间试验研究了硼、氮配施对棉花产量及其构成因子、叶柄环带及养分吸收的影响。结果表明:硼、氮在棉花上,有一定的交互作用,在相同施氮量下,棉花叶柄环带出现率、株环带叶数和叶环带圈数均随施硼量的增加而显著降低;施硼量从0 kg/hm^2增至13.5 kg/hm^2时,叶片的氮、磷、硼和叶绿素含量增加,棉花的株高、分枝数、铃数、铃重、衣分和产量均显著提高。施硼量从13.5 kg/hm^2增至27 kg/hm^2时,两个氮水平下的叶片磷、钾、硼和叶绿素含量没有显著变化,270 kg/hm^2氮水平下棉花叶片的氮含量、株高、铃重和铃数降低,产量没有变化,而在375 kg/hm^2氮水平下棉花叶片氮含量、株铃数、铃重、衣分和产量显著增加。对相同量硼处理,增施氮肥提高了棉花叶柄环带出现率、株环带叶数和叶环带圈数、叶片氮和叶绿素含量,而对叶片磷、钾、硼和产量没有显著影响。在施硼肥13.5 kg/hm^2,施氮量为270 kg/hm^2时,棉花产量达到最高值3 592 kg/hm^2。说明湖北天门地区棉田适当增加硼肥的同时减少氮肥用量可有效缓解棉花缺硼症状和提高产量。

An experiment was organized to study the effects of the combined application of nitrogen and boron on the yield,petiole annulus and nutrient uptake of cotton. The results showed that nitrogen and boron fertilizers had some interaction on cotton. At the same application of nitrogen,the ratio of cotton petiole annulus,the number of leaves with petiole annulus per plant and the petiole annulus of each leaf were significantly reduced with increasing boron application. When increasing the boron from 0 to 13. 5 kg / hm^2,the nitrogen,phosphorus,boron and chlorophyll content of cotton leaves increased,the plant height,branch,bolls per plant,boll weight,lint percentage rate of cotton and yield were significantly increased. when the boron application was from 13. 5 to 27 kg / hm^2,the phosphorus,potassium,boron and chlorophyll content of cotton leaves had no significantly change under both nitrogen levels. At the application of 270 kg/hm^2 nitrogen,the nitrogen content of cotton,the plant height,boll weight and the bolls per plant were decreased,while the yield had no significant change. When the application of nitrogen was 375 kg / hm^2,the nitrogen content of cotton,bolls,boll weight,lint percentage rate of cotton and yield was significantly increased. At the same application of boron,with nitrogen increasing,the ratio of cotton petiole annulus,the number of leaves with petiole annulus per plant,the petiole annulus of each leaf,the nitrogen and chlorophyll content of cotton leaves were significantly increased,but it had no significant effect on the phosphorus,potassium,boron and chlorophyll content of cotton leaves. The highest yield was 3 592 kg/hm^2 at N 270 kg/hm^2 and B 13.5 kg/hm^2. It showed that increasing boron and reducing nitrogen inputs effectively relieved boron deficiency of cotton in Tianmen city,Hubei province.