秸秆育苗容器在土壤中降解对微生物区系的影响

Degradation of rice straw-made seedling container and its effects on soil microflora

为了阐明秸秆育苗容器降解过程中对土壤及容器残体酶活性及微生物的影响,选择淀粉胶秸秆育苗容器(MSGC)和豆胶秸秆育苗容器(MBGC)两类容器的片状试材进行土培试验,设计不含容器试材土壤为对照组(CK),试验持续45 d,采用常规分析和BiologEco微平板计数技术手段测定了容器残体及土壤中的酶活变化、微生物群落多样性、菌群数量及功能多样性。结果表明:土培过程中,容器和土壤中酶活总体呈上升趋势,MSGC淀粉酶活与MBGC无显著差异,纤维素酶活初期显著高于MBGC,中后期则无显著差异。蛋白酶活MBGC全过程显著高于MSGC;秸秆容器可显著提高土壤磷酸酶和脲酶酶活,与MBGC相比,MSGC土壤中磷酸酶和脲酶酶活更高。Biolog^(Eco)分析显示,秸秆容器能够显著提高土壤中微生物碳源利用活性,土壤平均颜色变化率(AWCD)值先增大后减少,MBGC与MSGC差异在于后者土壤AWCD值下降速率显著快于前者。两种容器残体微生物功能多样性初期差异显著,后期差异减少。与MSGC比,MBGC土壤微生物对氨基酸、聚合物及胺类利用具有更强活性,这种差异主要与容器胶粘剂不同有关。本研究结果将为秸秆育苗容器田间应用与生态效应评价提供理论依据。

In order to elucidate the effect of biodegradation process of the straw seedling containers on enzyme activities and microflora of soil and container residues,a soil-buried experiment were carried out with two types of straw containers,which were named as starch adhesive / straw seedling containers（ Modified starch glue container,MSGC） and soybean adhesive / straw seedling containers（ Modified Bean glue container,MBGC）,respectively. In this experiment,two treatments were buried into soil with platelets cut from straw container walls and the control（ CK） was the ones without any platelets. The experiment lasted 45 days and enzyme activity and the number of microbes and microbial community diversity of soil and platelets were determined by the conventional analysis and BiologEcomethods. The results showed that the enzyme activities of soil and platelets tended to rise in general. There was no significant difference of amylase activities of the platelets between MSGC and MBGC and cellulose enzyme activity of MSGC was significantly higher than that of MBGC in the early period but not significantly different in the later period. Nevertheless,protease activity of MBGC had always been significantly higher than that of MSGC in the whole process. Straw container promoted activity of soil urease and phosphatase,which of MSGC were higher compared to MBGC. BiologEcoanalysis showed that straw container significantly increased utilization of various carbon sources of soil microbes,and the value of soil AWCD increased in the beginning and decreased afterwards. The difference between MBGC and MSGC was that soil AWCD value of the latter declined significantly faster than that of the former. There was significant difference of microbial functional diversity in the early between two containers and the gap narrowed soon afterwards. Compared with MSGC,MBGC had advantage of soil microorganisms utilization activities of amino acids,polymers,and amine,which mainly related to the different container adhesives. The results of this study provided a theoretical basis for field application and evaluation of its ecological effect of straw seedling containers.