奶娘变天后:河源临水夫人与天后信仰的混融性调查

Wet Nurse Becomes Tianhou: An Investigation on the Mixed Faith of Tianhou and Linshui Madame in Heyuan

天后与包含临水夫人在内的三奶夫人都起源于福建,前者是倍受航海(河)的水手与商人信仰的水上保护神,而后者则是助产保赤的妇婴保护神,两者的信仰群体、作用功能、神祗地位及社会影响等均有很大的不同。然后,天后与三奶夫人信仰随移民迁到广东东部的河源客家地区之后,对她们的信仰却发生了很大的变化,乡民们常常把她们混同在一起,河源的天后宫供奉的大多是陈林李三奶夫人。并且天后的航海保护神的角色在不断淡化;与此同时,三奶夫人的助产保示、治病救人的功能却不断地得到强化与彰显。文章以在粤东河源地区的调查为主,重点论述龙川县佗城镇天后宫、紫金县紫金观天后殿、河源城郊天后宫(阿婆庙)的主祀神及信仰概况,以便人们了解天后与临水夫人信仰从福建传到广东东部后出现了怎样的变异。

Tianhou and Sannai Madame which include Linshui Madame all originated in Fujian, the former is water protection God believed by many navigation （river） sailors and merchant, while the latter is the protection God of midwifery and protecting infant, they are very different in faith groups, functional role, god status and social impacts. However, after their believers moved to the Hakka region Heyuan in the eastern Guangdong, their faith has undergone great changes, for local residents often confuse them together, Tianhou Temples in Heyuan mostly worshiped Sannai Madame Chen Lin Li. At the same time, the role of Tianhou as the sailing protector continues to fade, but the function of midwifery and protecting infant and saving lives of Sannai Madame has continued to be strengthened and demonstrated. The author focuses on the investigation in Heyuan in the eastern region of Guangdong, mainly discusses the main Sishen and faith overview of Tianhou temples in Tuo town of Longchuan County, Zijin County and Heyuan suburban, in order to make people understand the change of the faith of Tianhou and Linshui Madame when they spread from Fujian to the eastern Guangdong.