巫—方相氏—钟馗的演变:角色与精神的盛衰

The Evolution of the Witch- Fang Xiangshi- Zhong Kui: Ups and Downs of the Role and Spiritual

古代壮哉的狂夫方相氏,到了明清以降衍变为酒鬼、色鬼,从中体现出中国古代官僚体制在后期的高度专制和政治高压下形成的文化犬儒化。"十恶不赦之罪"把思想罪列为首要,以及士大夫阶层的奴才化,使得这种文化犬儒化甚嚣尘上。这些特色在明清时代成为潮流,言情小说、春宫画和各种猥亵作品风靡一时,有的甚至成为延续数百年的陋习,比如让女人包小脚的变态行为等等。这也是近代史上中国新一代精英们怒不可遏、大声疾呼、不得不起来革命的基本前提。巫—方相氏—钟馗形象的盛衰,也折射着中国整个文化潮流、思想意识形态和行为形态的变化特征,这是我们的讨论所应特别关注的要害所在,也是讨论巫—方相氏—钟馗衍变关系里的趣味和价值所在。

The strong Kuangfu and Fang Xiangshi in ancient times, have evolved to drunkard and goat till the Ming and Qing dynasties, which reflect the cynicism of culture which is formed under a highly political pressure of the late an- cient autocratic Chinese bureaucracy. ＂Heinous crimes＂ takes ideological crime as a priority, and the literati class has gradually been slaves, which makes this cynicism of culture overspread. These features have been prevalent trend in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, romance, erotic art and a variety of obscene pornographic works have all raged, and some even become bad habits in a continuation of centuries, such abnormal behavior as making a woman＇s feet package. This is the basic premise where the new generation elite in Chinese modern history had to show a furious outcry and start the revolu- tion. The image of the witch - Fang Xiangshi - Zhong Kui goes ups and downs, which also reflects the whole trend of the Chinese culture, and the variation of ideology and behavior patterns. This is the key that we should be particularly con- cerned about, and also is the interest and value in discussing the evolution relations of the witch - Fang Xiangshi- Zhong Kui.