蜜蜂主要数量性状遗传参数估计的研究进展

Research Progress on Genetic Evaluation of the Main Quantitative Traits of Honeybee

遗传参数估计是蜜蜂遗传育种工作中不可或缺的部分,蜜蜂遗传力估计的复杂性在于许多经济性状同时受到大量工蜂和蜂王的共同影响,同时交尾的特殊性——蜂王的多雄交配和雄蜂单倍体的情况,也使得亲缘关系的计算十分复杂。蜜蜂遗传参数估计方法从母子回归、姐妹回归,一直发展到现在的BLUP动物模型,系谱信息愈发完善,亲缘关系的计算更加成熟,遗传参数估计更加准确,这些工作对蜜蜂的主要性状取得较大遗传进展贡献巨大。介绍了蜜蜂遗传参数估计的特殊性、亲缘关系的计算和BLUP动物模型在蜜蜂遗传参数估计中的使用。BLUP动物模型已在其他国家蜜蜂育种中使用并取得明显的遗传进展,对我国蜜蜂数量遗传育种的发展具有借鉴意义。

Genetic evaluation is an important part of honeybee breeding program. The genetic evaluation of honeybee is markedly more difficult than other agricultural animals because colony traits in honeybee are the expression of the combined activities of the queen and workers. The genetic merit of mates and haploid drones also make it more difficult. Offspring-dam regression and sister-queens regression methods have been used to evaluate heritability and breeding values in the honeybee. After several years＇ hard working, the pedigree information of honeybee has been improved. Recently, the most advantageous method currently available for evaluating breeding values in other animals, the best linear unbiased prediction （BLUP） animal model, has been adapted to the peculiarities of honeybee genetics and reproduction. Since the BLUP animal model has been used for genetic evaluation in honeybee in other countries, the genetic improvement has been accelerated significantly. This article reviewed the particularities of genetic evaluation, genetic correlation and applying of BLUP model in honeybee.