摘要
研究南方红壤旱地不同施肥模式和覆盖方式下春玉米干物质积累、产量及水分利用效率的变化特征,对于该区域科学评价及合理利用施肥模式具有重要意义。以当地常规施肥模式(CK)为对照,研究了南方红壤旱地不同施肥模式和覆盖方式(TOK:常规施肥+有机肥+K肥+地膜覆盖;TO:常规施肥+有机肥+地膜覆盖,TK:常规施肥+K肥+露地)对春玉米干物质积累、产量及水分利用的影响。结果表明:各处理春玉米叶片叶绿素含量大小顺序为TOK〉TK〉TO〉CK。苗期和拔节期,TOK和TK处理春玉米的单株叶面积和叶面积指数均明显高于对照;抽雄期和成熟期,TOK处理均显著(P〈0.05)高于对照。各个主要生育时期,TOK处理植株的根系干重均显著(P〈0.05)高于其他处理,TOK和TK处理植株的茎和叶干重均显著(P〈0.05)高于其他处理。各个主要生育期,不同处理0~20 cm的土壤含水量均高于对照,其大小顺序为TOK〉TO〉TK〉CK;水分利用效率大小顺序为TOK〉TK〉TO〉CK,以TOK处理为最高,比对照增加38.04%。TK、TO和TOK处理的穗粗、行数与对照均无明显差异,但其穗长、行粒数、每穗粒数和百粒重均显著高于(P〈0.05)对照。玉米产量大小顺序为TOK〉TK〉TO〉CK,TOK、TK和TO处理的籽粒产量分别比对照增加34.41%、11.72%和8.36%。在常规施肥的基础上,增施有机肥和K肥、采取地膜覆盖有利于增加春玉米干重物质积累量,增加籽粒产量和提高水分利用效率。
It is of significant importance for scientific regional evaluation and rational utilization of fertilization modes to study the dry matter accumulation, yield and water use efficiency (WUE) of spring maize in red soil upland at southern China with different fertilization modes and mulching methods. Taking local routine fertilization modes as CK, this paper studied the effects of different fertilization modes and mulching methods on dry matter accumulation, yield and WUE of spring maize in red soil upland of southern China. The different treatments included conventional fertilization + potassium + organic fertilizer with plastic mulching (TOK); conventional fertilization + organic fertilizer with plastic mulching ( TO ), conventional fertilization + potassium without mulching (TK). The results showed that the chlorophyll content in leaves of spring maize with different treatments was TOK〉TK〉TO〉CK. And the leaf area per plant and leaf area index of spring maize with TOK and TK treatments were significantly higher than that of CK (P〈0.05) at the seedling and jointing stages. While the TOK treatment had remarkable higher leaf area per plant and leaf area index than that of the the CK (P〈0.05) at heading and maturing stages. The dry root weights of TOK treatment were remarkably higher than that of the other treatments (P〈0.05), and the dry weights of stern and leaf of TOK and TK treatments were notably higher than that of the other treatments (P〈0.05) during each main growing stages of spring maize. Meanwhile, the water contents of 0 ~ 20 era soil in different treatments were all higher (P〈0.05) than that of the CK at each main growth stages of spring maize. The sequence was TOK〉TO〉TK〉CK. The sequence of WUE was TOK〉TK〉TO〉CK, and TOK treatment had the highest WUE, which increased by 38.04% comparing with the CK. There were not significant differences in ear diameter and row number between TK, TO, TOK treatments and the CK. But the ear length, kernel number, number of grains in an ear and 100-grains weight wet~ remarkably higher than that of the CK. The sequence of spring maize yield was TOK〉TK〉TO〉CK. The grain yield of TOK, TK and TO treatments were increased by 34.41%, 11.72% and 8.36%, than that of the CK, respectively. The above results indicated that based on conventional fertilization, adding organic fertilizer and potassium with plastic mulching are banificial for increasing dry matter accumulation, grain yield and improving WUE of spring maize.
出处
《中国农业科技导报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2016年第4期93-100,共8页
Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology
基金
"十二五"国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD20B05)资助
关键词
春玉米
施肥模式
覆盖方式
干物质
产量
spring maize
fertilization mode
mulching method
dry matter
yield