近20年来俄罗斯的高等教育外部治理变革

The Higher Education Governance Reform in Russia in the Recent Twenty Years

苏联解体以来,俄罗斯发生了世界范围内最为急剧的高等教育外部治理变革,中心与边缘关系得以重构。苏联时期全能型政府全方位控制高等教育的传统治理模式正在被政府—市场—社会—大学四元分化与互补的现代治理模式所取代。政府职能发生转变,政府从对大学的直接全方位控制转到对大学的宏观调控,政府体制内部实现垂直分权;市场力量增长迅猛,高等教育的市场性质显著增强;社会力量参与得以扩大,高等教育的国家—社会模式得以确立;大学自治理念备受关注,大学获得了一定的学术、行政和财政自主权。

Since the collapse of the USSR, Russian higher education had undergone the most dramatic changes in the world. The relationship between the center and the periphery had been reconstructed. The traditional governance mode of all-round control by the omnipotent government in the Soviet era was being replaced by the modern governance mode of share and complementation between the government, the market, the society and the university. The following was the main features of Russian higher education governance： firstly, the government functions had been transformed from the direct all-round control to the macro regulation, and a vertical deeentralization had been witnessed inside the government system; secondly, the market power had been growing rapidly, and the market nature of Russian higher education was enhanced significantly; thirdly, the social power had been expanding its participation in higher education, and the state-society mode had been established; finally, the idea of university autonomy had aroused special attention, and the university had obtained some academic, administrative and financial autonomy.