驾驶员人格特质与焦虑的关系

The Relationship between Personality Trait and Psychological Anxiety of the Driver

目的：探讨驾驶员人格特征与心理焦虑的现状及两者的相关。方法：采用大五人格量表、焦虑自评量表对淄博市随机选取的公交车、出租车、私家车司机各80人进行调查研究。结果：1人格特质、焦虑在性别、事故变量上差异显著（t=-14.02~10.48;P〈0.01）;2焦虑水平、适应性、利他性、道德感维度在车辆类型上差异显著（F=4.21~6.04;P〈0.01）;3焦虑水平、适应性、开放性、道德感维度在年龄变量上差异显著（F=4.21~5.23;P〈0.05）;4焦虑与适应性、开放性、社交性、利他性4个维度存在显著相关;在道德感维度上相关不显著。结论：1驾驶员的焦虑水平在性别变量上差异显著,女性明显高于男性;男驾驶员的人格适应性、开放性明显低于女性,社交性得分明显高于女性;2出租车司机在焦虑水平、人格适应性上明显高于公交车、私家车司机,而在人格的开放性、道德性维度上明显高于公交车司机、私家车司机;车辆类型在社交性、利他性这两个维度上差异不显著;330岁及以下驾驶员的焦虑水平、人格适应性明显高于30岁以上的驾驶员人群,31~40岁的驾驶员人格开放性得分最高,年龄变量在社交性、利他性、道德性3个维度上的差异不显著。

Objective：To discusses the personality characteristics of the drivers and the status quo of the psycholog- ical anxiety and their correlation.Methods： 80 persons of bus drivers, taxi drivers,private car drivers in Zibo city were investigated by using the big five personality inventory and self--rating anxiety scale.Results： ①Personality traits arid anxiety were different between gender and accident variables（t=-14.02-10.48 ; P〈0.01） ②Anxiety levels, adapta- bility, altruism, and moral dimension were different between drivers with different type of vehicle（F=4.21-6.04;P〈0.01） ;③Anxiety levels, adaptability,openness and moral dimension were different between different ages（F=4.21; 5.23 ; P 〈0.05）. ④Anxiety was related with adaptability, openness, sociability, altruism. Conclusion ： ①Females have more level of anxiety,adaptability,openness and less sociability than males;②Taxi drivers have more anxiety, adaptability,openness and morality than bus drivers and private car drivers;③Drivers at or under age 30 have more anxiety and adaptability than those over 30 ;drivers of age 30-40 have the highest level of openness.