新型城镇化中农村老年人心理健康影响因素

The Influencing Factors of Mental Health of the Elderly in Rural Areas in the Process of Urbanization

目的:了解新型城镇化中农村老年人心理健康的影响因素。方法:采用自编老年人基本情况问卷和症状自评量表(SCL-90)对山东某三地市新型城镇化中278名农村老年人进行问卷调查,运用SPSS 17.0统计软件对数据进行t检验、方差分析。结果:1新型城镇化中农村老年人心理健康总分(130.03±24.88);2性别、慢性病、年龄、居住形式、月收入、子女状况、子女看望次数、子女对重大决定的支持度在心理健康上的差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),其中,性别在老年人在躯体化、敌对、恐怖、偏执和其他5个维度上的差异有统计学意义(t=5.014,2.666,-5.258,2.595,-4.671;P<0.05);慢性病在老年人的躯体化、强迫症状、人际关系敏感、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、精神病性、其他和总分维度上的差异有统计学意义(t=7.05,4.96,6.66,8.30,8.98,5.87,6.45,7.37,9.03;P<0.05);年龄在躯体化、强迫症状、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、恐怖、精神病性、其他和总分上的差异有统计学意义(F=3.254,8.613,3.600,7.220,3.655,4.35,4.065,4.688,4.445;P<0.05);居住形式在躯体化、偏执、人际关系敏感、抑郁、焦虑、恐怖、强迫症状和总分上的差异有统计学意义(F=4.658,4.689,3.351,3.233,6.400,3.126,4.296,4.400;P<0.05);月收入在躯体化、强迫症状、人际关系敏感、抑郁和焦虑上的差异有统计学意义(F=4.131,4.313,7.313,3.30,3.596;P<0.05);子女看望次数在躯体化、强迫症状、抑郁、偏执和总分上的差异有统计学意义(F=4.525,6.044,7.115,4.920,3.13;P<0.05);子女对重大决定的支持度在躯体化、强迫、人际关系敏感、抑郁、恐怖、其他和总分上的差异有统计学意义(F=3.360,3.156,4.697,4.569,3.52,9.561,5.123;P<0.05)。结论:新型城镇化中农村老年人心理健康水平适中,性别、年龄、居住安排、月收入、子女状况、子女看望次数、子女对老人重大决定的支持度、慢性病等因素会影响其心理健康水平。

Objective： To understand the influencing factors of mental health of the rural elderly in the process of urbanization.Methods： Using the self--made questionnaire and SCL--90 to conduct 278 the elderly in areas, the data were analyzed by SPSS 17.0 statistical software. Results： Statistically significant differences existed in the mental health of the elderly in gender, age, living arrangements, income, status of children, the number of children to visit, children whether to support the elderly on major decisions and chronic disease （P〈 0.05 ）.Conclusion ： Gender, age, living arrangements,income,status of children,the number of children to visit, children to support major decision, chronic disease and other eight factors have different impacts on the mental health of the elderly;The age and disease are the biggest factors the elderly mental health of that affect.