内地少数民族大学生抑郁、焦虑调查及分析

Survey of Depression,Anxiety and Correlative Factors among Hinterland Minority Undergraduate Students

目的：了解内地少数民族大学生抑郁、焦虑症状的检出情况,分析导致抑郁、焦虑症状可能的相关因素。方法：采用随机整群抽样方法,对948名大学生用Zung氏焦虑、抑郁自评量表调查抑郁、焦虑症状,同时获得一般情况,分析统计数据。结果：抑郁症状检出率41.14%,得分为（47.88±12.57）,高于普通大学31.50%（33.74±9.06）（χ~2=34.40,t=34.62,P〈0.01）;焦虑症状检出率22.57%,得分为（42.62±9.65）,高于普通大学11.02%（30.38±6.74）（t=39.04,χ~2=99.37,P〈0.01）。经卡方检验,女性、有宗教信仰者、维吾尔族及文科大学生抑郁、焦虑检出率高于男性、无宗教信仰者、其它民族及理科大学生（P〈0.01）;藏族大学生抑郁、焦虑检出率高于汉族大学生（P〈0.05）;蒙古族大学生焦虑检出率高于汉族大学生（P〈0.05）。Pearson相关性分析,抑郁、焦虑呈正相关（r=0.708,P〈0.01）。结论：内地少数民族大学生抑郁、焦虑症状检出率及得分高于普通大学。女生、有信仰者、维吾尔族、文科大学生是内地民族大学中抑郁、焦虑的高危人群。

Objective：To investigate detection rate of depression and anxiety among hinterland minority undergraduate students, then analyze their possible related factors.Methods：Totally 1043 undergraduate students were selected via random clustered sampling, Self--Rating Depression Scale and Self--Rating Anxiety Scale were used to collect information on depression, anxiety and general situation,analyze of statistical data.Results：The detection rate of depression was 41.14% （390/948）,the score of depression was 47.88±12.57,which were higher than the general undergraduate students, （31.50%,33.74±9.06, X^2 = 34.40, t = 34.62, P〈0.01 ）. The detection rate of anxiety was 22.57%（214/948）,The score of anxiety was 42.62±9.65,which were higher than the general undergraduate students（11.02%,30.38±6.74,t=39.04,X^2= 99.37,P〈0.01）.The detection rate of anxiety and depression in female,religious believers,Uighur and arts undergraduate students were higher than those of male, non--religious believers, other ethnic and science undergraduate students（P〈0.01）.The detection rate of Tibetan students of anxiety and depression were higher than those of Han students （P〈 0.05）. The detection rate of The Mongolia students＇ anxiety was higher than that of Han students（P〈0.05）.Depression and anxiety were positively correlated, correla- tion coefficient was 0.708, （P〈0.01）.Conclusion： The detection rate,scores of depression and anxiety are higher in hinterland minority undergraduate student than ordinary undergraduate students.Female, religious believers, Uighur and arts undergraduate students are high--risk groups of depression and anxiety in hinterland minority university.