字样学通字新诠――以《干禄字书》为例

New Explanation of Tongzi(通字) in Morphology――Take Ganlu Zi Shu for Instance

"通字"是字样学特有的概念,以往的研究仅关注其行用时间的长短,但文章研究结论认为:通字的性质,并非单指行用时间的久暂,同时也指该字级行用的范围,二者中当以行用范围为先。文字发展是动态的演进过程,社会实际用字中的新增、新出字,无法以"相承久远"定性,"俗""通""正"三类字级的判定亦同此理。这一结论,对以往的研究成果多所订正,亦成为研究中古汉字发展史、字样学研究的重要参考资料。

Tongzi(common forms of characters 通字) is a proper noun in morphology.In the past, we always pay close attention to the tenure of its use.However, in our studies, the nature of Tongzi is not only the issue of tenure, but also an issue of the extent.And the latter is the primary feature.Tenure of characters' forms cannot determine whether characters arenewly-born forms or newly-born characters, not whether they are suzi, zhengzi or tongzi in characters dynamic development.We hopefully think this conclusion can make great supplement to the past studies,and also be valuable reference of the study of ancient Chinese characters.