符号分层:私营企业主的政治嵌入模式及其地位认同差异——基于1993—2012年私营企业调查的实证研究

Symbolic Stratification: Modes of Political Embeddedness and Differences of Status Identification for Private Entrepreneurs——An Empirical Study Based on the Survey of Chinese Private Enterprises(1993—2012)

与市场转型理论争论收入与收入不平等的市场后果不同,本研究关注社会声望、政治身份等符号资源的分配在私营企业主内部的异质性。基于十次全国私营企业调查数据(1993—2012年),本研究发现在市场化过程中,私营企业主正积极地嵌入于正式的政治框架之中,通过潜分类模型可以将私营企业主按政治嵌入的复合模式划分为四类子群体:红色代表、普通党员、两会代表和低度嵌入企业主群体。私营企业主在经济、社会和政治维度上自认为居于中层,对政治地位的自我评价低于经济地位和社会地位;在历时变化上,主观地位评价呈现出低走趋势。在各个子群体中,红色代表群体的自我感觉最好,其次是两会代表群体,再次是普通党员群体,低度嵌入群体居最低位置。与此同时,地位认同在不同子群体内部趋向一致,这说明政治嵌入模式在地位认同上构成可靠的等级体系,可理解为一种符号分层。

The market-oriented economic reform affects the heterogeneity of symbolic resources distribution; for instance,the social prestige and political identity among private entrepreneurs,besides income inequality. This article mobilizes multiple statistical methods,including latent class analysis to identify subgroups based on political embeddedness modes of entrepreneurs. The Survey of Chinese Private Enterprises( 1993- 2012) shows that in the process of marketization,private entrepreneurs are actively embedded into the formal political system. The latent class model distinguished the private entrepreneurs into four categories. The hierarchy of status identification and the increasing homogeneity within strata manifests the political embeddedness modes as a symbolic stratification.