呼和浩特地区食用盐碘含量调整前后人群碘营养状况研究

Iodine nutritional status before and after the adjustment of iodine content in Hohhot

目的了解食用盐碘浓度调整前（2011年）、后（2014年）呼和浩特地区重点人群的碘营养状况,为今后防治工作提供依据。方法收集呼和浩特食用盐含量调整前后的居民户盐碘监测数据、人群碘营养监测数据,比较食用盐含量调整前后的人群盐碘、尿碘、甲肿率的变化情况。结果盐碘监测：2011年,检验居民户食用盐2 664份,盐碘中位数为32.6mg/kg,碘盐覆盖率99.1%,碘盐合格率99.56%,合格碘盐食用率99.66%。2014年,检验居民户食用盐2 700份,盐碘中位数为26.02mg/kg,碘盐覆盖率99.22%,碘盐合格率99.27%,合格碘盐食用率98.51%。人群碘营养监测：2011年,共采集学龄儿童尿样725份尿碘中位数为273.72μg/L,42.3%的儿童尿碘﹥300.0μg/L。2014年,共采集学龄儿童尿样150份,尿碘中位数为185.32μg/L,43.3%的儿童尿碘在100.0-199.9μg/L范围内。2011年学龄儿童尿碘中位数273.72μg/L高于2014年185.32μg/L,两组差异有统计学意义（Mann-Whitney U统计量为33 671.00,P﹤0.05）。2011年,共检测80名8-10岁学龄儿童甲状腺容积,甲肿率为2.50%。2014年,共检测150名8-10岁学龄儿童甲状腺容积,甲肿率为1.33%。2011年与2014年的甲肿率差异无统计学意义（χ-2=0.416,P﹥0.05）。2011年,共采集孕妇尿样61份,尿碘中位数为221.14μg/L,41%的孕妇尿碘﹤150μg/L,2014年,共采集孕妇尿样64份,尿碘中位数为97.86μg/L,89.1%的孕妇尿碘﹤150μg/L。2011年孕妇尿碘中位数221.14μg/L明显高于2014年97.86μg/L,两组差异有统计学意义（Mann-Whitney U统计量为652.00,P﹤0.05）。结论调整后的盐碘浓度对于呼和浩特地区学龄儿童是适宜的,而且纠正了原先碘营养水平超量的状态,但孕妇的碘营养需求并不能完全满足,建议孕妇除坚持食用合格碘盐外,还需额外适量的补充富碘产品。

Objective To evaluate the changes of iodine nutritional status of focus groups before and after the adjustment of salt iodine content in Hohhot,and to provide a basis for future prevention work. Methods To collect monitoring data of iodized salt and iodine nutritional status before and after the adjustment of iodine content. Changes in salt iodine,urine iodine and goiter rate were compared. Results Iodized salt monitoring： In 2011, 2664 samples of edible salt in residents had been examined and median iodine was 32.6mg/kg. The coverage rate of iodized salt was 99.1%, rate of qualified iodized salt was 99.56%, taking rate of qualified iodized salt was 99.66%. In 2014, 2 700 samples of edible salt in residents had been examined and median iodine was 26.06mg/kg. The coverage rate of iodized salt was 99.22%, rate of qualified iodized salt was 99.27%, taking rate of qualified iodized salt was 98.51%. Iodine nutritional monitoring：In 2011, a total of 725 urinary samples were collected in school children. The median of urine iodine was 273.72μg/L. The ratio of urine iodine more than300.0μg/L was 42.3%. In 2014,a total of 150 urinary samples were collected in school children. The median of urine iodine was 185.32μg/L. The ratio of urine iodine among 100.0-199.9μg/L was 43.3%. The median of urine iodine in 2011 was 273.72μg/L higher than 185.32μg/L in the town, which showed statistically significant difference（P﹤0.05）. In 2011, to detect thyroid volume in 80 school-age children, and goiter rate was 2.5%. In 2014, to detect thyroid volume in 150 school-age children, and goiter rate was 1.33%. The goiter rate in 2011 and 2014 had no statistically significant difference（P﹥0.05）. In 2011, a total of 61 urinary samples were collected in school children. The median of urine iodine was 221.14μg/L. The ratio of urine iodine less than150.0μg/L was 41%. In 2014, a total of 64 urinary samples were collected in school children. The median of urine iodine was 97.86μg/L. The ratio of urine iodine less than150.0μg/L was 89.1%. The median of urine iodine in 2011 was 221.14μg/L higher than 97.86μg/L in 2014, which showed statistically significant difference（P﹤0.05）. Conclusion After adjustment of iodized salt standard, iodine nutrition level is suitable for the school children, but the iodine nutrition of pregnant women was still not enough. So we suggest the pregnant women should take another iodine-rich food.