2014年广东省居民重点食品中金属污染物的健康风险评估

Health risk assessment of metals contamination in main food in Guangdong in 2014

目的了解广东省居民食品中金属污染物的含量及健康风险。方法采用中国总膳食研究方法,运用2014年广东省重金属污染监测工作所采集的居民食用的大米（n=899）和蔬菜（n=879）中的铅、镉、砷、汞检测数据,评估居民膳食中铅、镉、砷、汞的暴露情况。计算居民铅的暴露边界比、镉的每月摄入量和砷、汞的每周摄入量,并进行健康风险评估。结果广东省大米和蔬菜中铅、镉、砷、汞总体超标率分别为0.7%,6.5%,0.4%和1.9%,除了大米中镉超标率最高（11.2%）以外,其余元素在大米、蔬菜中含量的超标率都处于较低水平。广东省人群铅的暴露边界比为10.1-80.5;镉的每月摄入量为0.27-19.0μg/kg,占镉暂定每月可耐受摄入量的1.1%-76%,砷、汞的每周摄入量为0.31-4.19μg/kg和0.031-0.083μg/kg,分别占暂定每周可耐受摄入量的2.1%-27.9%和0.8%-2.1%。结论广东省大米、蔬菜中铅、镉、砷、汞的含量及人群摄入总体处于安全水平;而大米镉的污染不容乐观且有地域性差异,人群食用大米的镉暴露潜在一定的风险,以粤中北部地区为甚。

Objective To know the level and health risk of metals contamination in main food in Guangdong province in 2014.Methods According to monitoring data of rice（n=899） and vegetable（n=879） in Guangdong in 2014, an assessment on the main food exposure to lead, cadmium, arsenic and mercury in Guangdong residents was made by the method of China Total Diet Study. The margin of exposure（MOE） of lead, estimated monthly intake（EMI） of cadmium and estimated weekly intake（EWI） of arsenic and mercury were worked out as evaluation criteria. Results The over limit rate of lead, cadmium, arsenic and mercury in rice and vegetables in Guangdong province were 0.7%, 6.5%, 0.4% and 1.9% respectively. Except the highest over limit rate of cadmium（11.2%）, the over limit rate of the other elements in rice and vegetables were at a low level. The MOE of lead of Guangdong residents was estimated to be 10.1-80.5. The EMI of cadmium ranged from 0.27 μg/kg to 19.0 μg/kg, which were1.1%-76% of provisional tolerable monthly intake（PTMI）. The EWI of arsenic and mercury ranged from 0.31 μg/kg to 4.19 μg/kg and from 0.031 μg/kg to 0.083 μg/kg, which were 2.1%-27.9% and 0.8%-2.1% of provisional tolerable weekly intake（PTMI）.Conclusion The content and of lead, cadmium, arsenic and mercury in the main food and intake of population were in a safe level as a whole, however, because of rice cadmium pollution and regional differences, there is a potential health risk for the local people, especially in the north-central Guangdong.