儿童免疫接种过程中健康教育干预效果研究

Effect of health education intervention on children immune vaccination

目的研究整体干预在儿童免疫接种工作中的效果。方法将2014年6月至2015年6月在西安交大一附院预防保健科接受免疫接种的儿童260人采用随机数字表法分成研究组和对照组,每组各130人,对照组儿童按免疫接种要求常规操作,研究组在此基础上在注射疫苗前、中、后开展对儿童及家长的健康教育干预,调查分析两组家长对免疫接种工作的满意度,儿童接种时的恐惧心理、注射后哭闹时间、来院注射疫苗的依从性等方面差异。结果研究组儿童家长对免疫接种工作的满意率为97.69%,对照组为86.82%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=10.738,P<0.05);研究组儿童恐惧发生率为37.69%,对照组为82.22%,差异有显著统计学意义(χ2=53.304,P<0.01);研究组儿童哭闹时间>5分钟的人数占27.69%,对照组占51.91%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=14.422,P<0.05);研究组儿童抵抗注射疫苗的发生率为43.77%,对照组为68.22%,差异有显著统计学意义(χ2=16.577,P<0.01)。结论在免疫接种工作的前、中、后开展健康教育干预对提高家长对免疫接种工作的满意度,消除或减少儿童恐惧心理,缩短哭闹时间,提高儿童接种的依从性,全面保护儿童身心健康具有重要的意义。

Objective To study the effect of health intervention on children immunization. Methods Totally 260 children accepting immune vaccination in prevention health section of First Affiliated Hospital of Xi＇an Jiaotong University from June 2014 to June 2015 were divided into research group and control group with random number method with 130 children in each group. Children in the control group got normal operation,while children and their parents in the research group got health education intervention before,during and after the injection of vaccine. Survey was conducted to find out the differences between two groups in satisfaction degree of parents,children＇s fear,crying time after injection and immunization compliance for the next time. Results The satisfaction degree of parents in the research group and in the control group was 97. 69% and 86. 82%,respectively,and the difference was significant（ χ2= 10. 738,P〈0. 05）. The incidence of children fear in the research group and the control group was 37. 69% and 82. 22%,respectively,and there was significant difference（ χ2= 53. 304,P〈0. 01）. In the research group children＇s crying time 5 minutes accounted for 27. 69%,while in the control group it occupied 51. 91%. The difference between two groups was statistically significant（ χ2= 14. 422,P〈0. 05）. There were 43. 77%of children in the research group resisting vaccination,and there were 68. 22% in the control group. The different was significant（ χ2=16. 577,P〈0. 01）. Conclusion Health education intervention provided before,during and after immunization can enhance the satisfaction degree of parents,eliminate and ease children ＇s fear,reduce crying time,and improve the compliance of children. It is of great significance for the comprehensive protection of children＇s physical and mental health.