多泥沙河流覆盖层基础上的水闸消能工研究

Research on water gate energy dissipater on foundation sediment river coverage layer

水闸是一种利用闸门挡水和泄水的低水头水工建筑物,在水利工程中有十分广泛的应用[1]。目前很多水闸建在多泥沙河流覆盖层地基上,水闸在泄流时,尽管流速不高,但水流仍具有一定的剩余能量,而土基的抗冲能力较低,可能引起水闸下游的冲刷,威胁水闸安全。本文结合宜昌市公益类科技项目＂鄂西地区多泥沙河流覆盖层基础上的水闸消能工研究＂,根据多泥沙河流的特点,将四川省甘孜州得荣县门扎水电站水闸及其所在河段地形条件按一定比例缩小制成模型进行试验,对闸孔全开和单孔局开下泄各级流量的动床模型的冲坑位置、冲坑深度及冲刷范围进行比较,提出对消能建筑物的优化方案,为类似工程提供依据。

Water gate is a low head hydraulic structure for retaining and sluicing by gates. It is applied widely in water conservancy projects~[1]. Currently,many water gates are constructed on sediment river coverage layer foundation. The flow velocity is low during the sluicing of water gates,but water flow still has certain residual energy. The anti-scouring ability of earth base is lower,which may cause the downstream scouring of water gates,and threaten the safety of water gates. In the paper,Yichang public technology project— ‘research on water gate energy dissipater on sediment river coverage layer foundation in Western Hubei＇ is combined. The water gate and corresponding river terrain conditions of Sichuan Ganzi Derong Menzha Hydropower Station are zoomed to produce models for test according to certain proportion on the basis of characteristics of sediment rivers. Shifting bed model scouring pit position,scouring pit depth and scouring scope at all sluicing flow rates are compared under sluice hole whole opening and single hole partial opening. The optimization plan of energy dissipation buildings are proposed,thereby proposing basis for similar projects.