利多卡因静脉注射对双腔气管导管插管麻醉期间气道压力的影响

Influence by lidocaine by intravenous injection on airway pressure during intubation anesthesia by double-lumen tube

目的探讨利多卡因静脉注射对双腔气管导管插管麻醉期间气道压力的影响。方法 80例周围型肺癌行胸腔镜肺叶切除术患者,随机分为组Ⅰ和组Ⅱ,各40例。组Ⅰ患者在麻醉前静脉注射利多卡因,麻醉插管后持续静脉泵注利多卡因。组Ⅱ患者在麻醉前相应时间点静脉注射生理盐水,麻醉插管后持续静脉泵注生理盐水。观察侧卧位双肺通气(T1)、单肺通气(T2)、术中离断支气管(T3)、术后双肺通气(T4)时的平台压和气道峰压。结果组Ⅰ患者T1、T2、T3、T4时平台压(15±3)、(24±3)、(23±3)、(21±4)cm H_2O(1 cm H_2O=0.098 kPa)及气道峰压(18±4)、(25±5)、(25±3)、(23±3)cm H_2O均低于组Ⅱ患者(P<0.05)。结论麻醉诱导前预防性静脉给予利多卡因,能够有效降低胸腔镜肺叶切除术患者单肺通气期间的通气压力,减少气压伤,改善单肺通气效果。

Objective To investigate influence by lidocaine by intravenous injection on airway pressure during intubation anesthesia by double-lumen tube. Methods A total of 80 peripheral lung cancer patients, who received thoracoscopic lobectomy, were randomly divided into group Ⅰ and group Ⅱ, with 40 cases in each group. Group Ⅰ received lidocaine by intravenous injection before anesthesia, and continuous intravenous pumping of lidocaine after anesthesia intubation. Group Ⅱ received normal saline by intravenous injection at corresponding time point before anesthesia, and continuous intravenous pumping of normal saline after anesthesia intubation. Observation was made on plateau pressure and peak airway pressure at the time of lateral two-lung ventilation （T1）, one-lung ventilation （T2）, intraoperative broken bronchus （T3）, and intraoperative two-lung ventilation （T4）. Results Group Ⅰ had all lower plateau pressure as （15±3）, （24±3）, （23±3） and （21±4） cm H2O （1 cm H2O=0.098 kPa） and peak airway pressure as （18±4）, （25±5）, （25±3） and （23±3） cm H2O at T1, T2, T3 and T4 than group Ⅱ （P〈0.05）. Conclusion Preventive implement of lidocaine by intravenous injection before anesthesia induction can effectively reduce ventilation pressure and barotraumas during one-lung ventilation in thoracoscopic lobectomy patients, as well as improve one-lung ventilation effect.