中国户籍制度改革:现实困境和机制重构

Constructing a Joint-efforts Mechanism for Chinese Hukou Reform

本文回顾了我国户籍制度的形成和历史变革,从户籍制度和劳动力市场、户籍制度和社会分化,及户籍制度和家庭发展三个角度,讨论当前户籍制度改革的极端必要性和迫切性。作者认为,所谓政府户籍制度改革的"成本说"、或者户籍制度改革导致"城市病"等等说法是站不住脚的,作者提出产生户籍制度改革困境的原因是中央政府和地方政府之间、流出地政府和流入地政府之间、移民人口和本地人口之间、企业和政府之间关于户籍制度改革的利益博弈整体机制"失灵",作者提出,需要加强政府主导、并推动构建公共博弈和利益协调的有效机制,才能引导户籍制度改革的共同利益和共同行动。

The author makes a historic review of Chinese hukou institution with planned econo- my and explains the urgent necessities of hukou reform through three aspects： labor market, social division and family well-being. The author discusses main concerns of the difficulties of hukou re- form, and suggests how to construct a mechanism to shape consensus and joint-efforts to hukou re- form among different stakeholders, including local and central government, government from host ar- eas and sending areas, enterprises, native citizens and migrants.