某汽车制造厂主要职业危害因素对工人健康状况的影响

目的目的了解广州某汽车制造企业存在的主要职业危害和工人的健康状况,以便及时发现存在的问题,提出合理化建议。方法使用流行病学现况研究方法于2008年11月对某汽车制造企业进行职业危害因素监测和工人健康体检。结果该企业的主要职业有害因素是噪声、电焊烟尘、其它有毒化合物等,作业场所噪声强度和空气中其它粉尘浓度合格率分别为57%、86%,其余均符合国家职业卫生标准。工人慢性咽炎、心电图异常、慢性鼻炎和脂肪肝患病率分别为37.7%、25.7%、11.3%和10.9%。噪声接触工人较非接触工人听力明显下降(x2=13.409,P<0.001),接触粉尘工人慢性鼻炎患病率显著高于非接触工人(x2=3.905,P=0.048);电焊作业工人尿锰明显高于非电焊工人(x2=47.477,P<0.001)。结论结论噪声是该企业最严重的职业危害因素,对接触工人造成了听力受损,该指标和工龄的增长呈正比,存在着剂量-反应的关系,值得重视,同时应加强对粉尘和电焊烟尘接触工人的健康体检。

Objective To investigate the impact of main occupational hazards on the health of workers in an automobile manufacturing corporation. Methods Prevalence study was adopted to detect the occupational hazard factors of an automobile manufacturing corporation and give the workers physical examination on September,2008. Result The main occupational hazard factors are noise, welding fumes, other dust and benzene, methylbenzene and dimethylbenzene etc, The detection results of welding fumes, manganese Dioxide and etc. accord with national hygienic standard. Besides, the qualified rate of noise intensity of workplace is 57% and the qualified rate of other dust is 86%. The prevalence of chronic pharyngitis, abnormal electrocardiogram, chronic nasitis and fatty liver respectively are 37.7%, 25.7%, 11.3%, 10.9%. There is a statistical significance in the rate of listening loss among the noise-exposed workers and the non-noise-exposed workers （ χ^2=13.409, P〈 0.001 ） . The prevalence of chronic pharyngitis of dustexposed workers is higher than non-dust- exposed workers （ χ^2=3.905, -P=0.048 ） ; The urine manganese of welding worker is higher than non-welding worker （ χ^2=47.477, P 〈0.001） Conclusion The most severe occupational factor in the enterprise is the noise which make the workers have listening loss that increases with an increasing woking age, so-called dose-reaction relationship. This phenomenon should be emphasized and the physical examination to the dust or welding exposed workers should be strengthened.