三声部的混响——小说《沉沦》文本探析

The Combination of the Three Voice Parts:An Analysis of the Story,‘Sinking'

小说《沉沦》自诞生即争议不断,非议不断。周作人、钱杏等人的批评解读影响深远,但也颇有可争议之处。苏雪林的批评"批评",得之重视文本而警惕过度阐释,失之机械庸俗攻击作家。郁达夫本人说法,亦多自相矛盾。从文本探析来看,《沉沦》文本中除第三人称"他"的声部,还包含了第一人称"我"和第二人称"你"的声部;"他""我""你"高度紧张、矛盾而嘈杂混响,呈现"他之病"、"我之病"、"你之病"以及同一个主体的病态,此即《沉沦》文本结构的本真和语言形态的事实。

Since its publication,‘Sinking＇, the story, has been a controversial, much criticized one. Critical readings of it by Zhou Zuoren and Qian Xingchun, despite their far-reaching influence, leave much room for controversy as well. Su Hsuen-Lin＇s criticism of the‘criticisms＇ gains by his paying attention to the text and his vigilance against over-explication but loses by his mechanical and vulgar attacks on the writer. And remarks by Yu Dafu himself are also self-contradictory. A textual analysis reveals that, in the text of‘Sinking＇, there are two voice parts of the‘I＇and the‘You＇, apart from another voice part of the‘He＇, with‘He＇,‘I＇and‘You＇highly tense, contradictory and noisy, revealing‘his condition＇,‘my condition＇and‘your condition＇as well as the conditions of the same subject, which are the truth of the textual structure of‘Sinking＇and linguistic formation.