梅州客家人群高血压患病的社区调查和危险因素分析

Community investigation and risk factor analysis on hypertension illness in Meizhou Hakka population

目的：探讨梅州客家人群社区高血压的患病现况及患病危险因素。方法：2012年10月至2014年10月,采用多阶段随机抽样调查方法,抽取梅州客家20岁以上的常住社区居民4 500人进行关于高血压患病现况、知晓、治疗和控制情况,以及危险因素等的问卷调查,并测量血压和进行常规体检。结果：调查有效人数为4 481人,高血压患者有1 327例（29.61%）。不同性别间高血压患病率无显著差异（P〉0.05）,随年龄增长,高血压患病率显著上升（P〈0.01）。高血压知晓率、治疗率和控制率分别为46.80%、79.87%、47.58%。社区居民对肥胖是高血压影响因素的知晓率（74.85%）显著高于其他影响因素。非条件Logistic回归分析显示,年龄、偏咸饮食、高脂血症、糖尿病、肥胖和高血压家族史是高血压的独立危险因素（OR=2.308-2.907,P均〈0.01）。结论：对于梅州客家人群高血压患者需要加大健康教育宣传力度,倡导健康生活方式,加强对高血压危险因素的控制,以降低患病率。

Objective：To explore illness current situation and risk factors of hypertension in Meizhou Hakka population community.Methods：A total of 4 500 Meizhou Hakka community inhabitants over 20 years old were selected using multi-stage random sampling method from Oct 2012 to Oct 2014.They received questionnaire about illness current situation,awareness rate,treatment rate,control and risk factors etc.of hypertension,and they received routine physical examination and blood pressure measurement.Results：Effective investigated population were 4 481 cases,and there were 1 327cases（29.61%）with hypertension among them.There was no significant difference in prevalence rate of hypertension between men and women,P〈0.05.Prevalence rate of hypertension significantly rose along with age increased（P〈0.01）.Awareness rate,treatment rate and control rate of hypertension was46.80%,79.87% and 47.58% respectively.Awareness rate（74.85%）of obesity as influencing factor for hypertension is significantly higher than other influencing factors in community residents.Unconditioned Logistic regression analysis indicated that age,salty diet,hyperlipidemia,diabetes mellitus,obesity and family history of hypertension were independent risk factors for hypertension（OR=2.308-2.907,P〈0.01all）.Conclusion：For Meizhou Hakka hypertension patients need to expand propaganda force of health education,promote healthy lifestyles,strengthen control of hypertension risk factors in order to reduce the prevalence.