中国公益组织合法性危机演变与行动策略研究——基于新制度理论和扎根理论的分析

A Frame of Legitimacy Crisis Evolvement of China's Public Interest Organizations and Action Strategies: An Exploratory Research Based on Neo-institutionalism Theory and Grounded Theory

文章以新制度理论与扎根理论为基础,运用探索性研究方法,有针对性地选取近年来有关中国公益组织危机事件的24份新闻报道进行分析,通过对典型样本进行现象定义以及概念和范畴的提取,最终形成中国公益组织合法性危机演变框架,并在此基础上提出危机情境下的行动策略及相关假设。研究表明:(1)制度矛盾是导致中国公益组织合法性危机发生的根源,主要表现为规制、规范和认知合法性危机;(2)制度矛盾带来的制度压力促使公益组织采取回避环境、适应环境、选择环境与控制环境的行动策略以缓和危机;(3)合法性策略的成功运用可为场域内的制度变革积累规制、规范和认知合法性。

Based on neo-institutionalism theory and grounded theory,this paper specifically chooses24 typical article samples from a quantity of news materials related crisis of China ＇s public welfare organizations in recent years,and utilizes an exploratory research approach to refine certain concepts to build a frame of legitimacy crisis evolvement of China＇s public interest organizations. By analyzing the frame,it makes four action strategies under the circumstance of legitimacy crisis and the relevant propositions. Our study shows that： institutional contradiction is the root cause of legitimacy crisis,mainly for the crisis of regulative legitimacy,the crisis of normative legitimacy and the crisis of cognitive legitimacy; the institutional pressure from institutional contradiction will prompt public interest organizations to take tactics to mitigate legitimacy crisis; successful legitimacy tactics will bring regulative legitimacy,normative legitimacy and cognitive legitimacy to institutional change.