黑龙江省某三甲医院2013-2015年医院感染情况分析

Analysis of nosocomial infection in a top three hospital in Heilongjiang Province from 2013 to 2015

目的:对医院感染情况进行分析,为完善降低医院感染发病率的措施提供参考和依据。方法:回顾性分析2013-2015年佳木斯市中心医院住院患者的感染相关资料,对医院感染的发病率、发病部位、主要科室及病原菌等进行分析。结果:共调查26 533例住院患者,发生医院感染821例(3.09%),2013、2014、2015年医院感染发病率分别为2.98%、3.07%和3.20%,发病率略有升高,差异无显著性(P﹥0.05);2013年和2014年各季度的医院感染发病率差异无显著性(P=0.879和P=0.074);2015年各季度间比较,差异具有显著性(P=0.001),发病率最高的是第四季度。医院感染发病率较高的科室有神经外科、ICU、干部病房和VIP病房。医院感染部位以呼吸道感染为主。医院感染病原菌以革兰阴性菌为主(65.85%),其次为真菌(12.72%)和革兰阳性菌(7.81%),结论:医院感染发病率呈现逐渐增高趋势,发病率较高的科室为神经外科和ICU,主要感染部位为呼吸道,病原菌以革兰阴性菌为主,病原菌中前三位依次是肺炎克雷伯菌、鲍曼不动杆菌和真菌。

Objective： To analyze the nosocomial infection to provide a reference and basis for decrease the hospitalinfection. Methods： The clinical data of patients admitted to the Jiamusi Central Hospital from 2013-2015 were analyzedretrospectively, including the occurrence rate, site and occurrence department of nosocomial infection and pathogenicbacteria. Results： Among a total of 26 533 patients involved in the study, 821 （3.09%） suffered the nosocomial infection,and the incidence rate was 2.98%, 3.07% and 3.20% in 2013, 2014 and 2015 respectively, showing increase year by year,but the difference was not significant among the three years （P〉0.05）. The difference in hospital infection rate betweenthe queters was not statistically significant in 2013 and 2014 （P〉0.05）, but significant in 2015 （P=0.001）, and the highestnosocomial infection rate was seen in the 4th quater. The Department of Neurosurgery, Intensive Care Unit （ICU）, CadreWard and VIP Ward had the higher incidence rate of nosocomial infection. Nosocomial infection was mainly involved inthe respiratory tract. Gram-negative bacteria were the main pathogens of nosocomial infection （65.85%）, followed by fungi（12.72%） and gram-positive bacteria （7.81%）. Conclusions： Nosocomical infection rate shows a tendency of increase yearby year, the Department of Neurosurgery and ICU have a higher incidence. The main infection site is respiratory system, themain pathogenic bacteria are mainly Gram-negative bacteria, and the top three are Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacterbaumannii and fungi.