黄淮海地区“永优”系列玉米气候敏感性因子区划研究

Climate Suitability Zoning of Yongyou Series Maize Cultivars by Sensitive Meteorological Factors in Huang-Huai-Hai Region

以鹤壁市农业科学院选育的"永优"系列玉米品种国审浚单20、国审浚单29、鄂审浚单509和陕审浚单3136为例,采用4个品种参加区域试验和2014年地理分期播种试验的数据,以及同期对应站点的气象资料,自播种起以10 d为1个周期,通过数理统计分析影响黄淮海地区"永优"系列玉米产量的气象因子,进而选取气候敏感性因子作为关键指标进行区划。结果表明:"永优"系列玉米产量随品种的更新逐渐增加。各周期日照时数、平均气温、最高气温、最低气温和相对湿度对浚单20、浚单29、浚单509和浚单3136产量的影响趋势基本上相同,但在各期的影响上略有差异。浚单20的敏感系数较小,适应性较好;浚单3136的敏感系数较大,适应性较差,容易受到气象因子的影响,而浚单29和浚单509的适应性居中。"永优"系列玉米品种在黄淮海平原(北部除外)都适宜种植;浚单20、浚单29和浚单509对黄淮海地区的气候因子不太敏感,最适宜面积较大;浚单3136对黄淮海地区的气候因子较为敏感,受气象因子波动的影响较大,最适宜面积相对较小。

Yongyou series maize cultivars,nationally approved Xundan 20,nationally approved Xundan29,Hubei province approved Xundan 509 and Shanxi province approved Xundan 3136 bred by Hebi Agricultural Institute were selected to explore the climate recourses responsive sensitivity. Crop data from regional trial,geographical and periodical seeding experiments,and corresponding site climate data were collected. Maize growth period was split in every ten days interval as one growth stage since seedling,and statistic were performed to screen major meteorological factors influence each cultivar. Then the sensitive meteorological factors were chosen as the main index to complete zoning. The results indicated that the grain yield was increased with the cultivar update of Yongyou series maize cultivars. Solar hours,the average air temperature,maximum air temperature,minimum air temperature and relative air humidity of every ten days during maize growth period had similar influence trend on the four maize cultivars withslight difference in each growth stage. The sensitivity index of Xundan 20 was the lowest with the best adaptability,while the sensitivity index of Xundan 3136 was the highest with the worst adaptability,and the adaptability of Xundan 29 and Xundan 509 were in the middle. All the four cultivars were suitable planting in Huang-Huai-Hai region except in the north,Xundan 20,Xundan 29 and Xundan 509 were not relatively sensitive to meteorological factors in Huang-Huai-Hai region,so they had relatively large most suitable planting area. Xundan 3136 was relatively sensitive to meteorological factors in Huang-Huai-Hai region,and climate factors fluctuation had significant influence on the its grain yield,so the most suitable planting area was relatively small.