土家语“名形”结构的句法分析

Syntactic Analysis of “Noun + Adjective”Construction in Tujia Language

土家语中,大部分形容词既可以作名词修饰语又可以直接作谓词。形容词作谓词与修饰名词时,在句法上的词序均为"名词+形容词"。虽然同为"名形"结构,但它们的结构特征不尽相同。本文重点考察土家语正偏类复合名词的句法结构,观察分析形容词修饰名词时的不同结构位置。文章的目的在于区分复合名词与名词短语,继而揭示"名形"结构中形容词与名词之间的结构关系是修饰关系还是主谓关系。深入研究土家语的"名形"结构,将有利于全面认识土家语的句法结构特征,对保护濒危语言具有积极的意义。

In Tujia Language,most adjectives can be used to modify a noun as well as function as a predicate. As a predicate,the adjective is syntactically ordered as ＂Noun ＋ Adjective＂. When used as a Noun- modifier,the adjective is also put after the Noun. Although the orders are the same,they have different syntactic properties. The paper focuses on the syntactic structure of Compound Nouns,which are ordered as＂head ＋ modifier＂,together with the different syntactic positions of adjectives when modifying the Nouns. Our purpose is to distinguish between compound nouns and noun phrases,and to tell whether the relation between them is a modifying one or a predicative one.A deep study of ＂Noun ＋ Adjective＂construction will make clear the syntactic properties of Tujia language,which further contributes to the preservation of the endangered language.