从洋务运动审视中国近代化特点

The Characteristics of China's Modernization from the Perspective of Self-Strengthening Movement

中国近代化发轫于地主阶级开明派所倡导的洋务运动。而洋务运动是由清朝封建统治集团中具有资本主义倾向的地主阶级开明派,怀着"自强""求富"的美好愿望,自上而下推行的一场以引进西方科学技术、机器生产和军事装备为中心的自救运动。由于中国半殖民地半封建社会的特殊国情,使得中国近代化与西方列强近代化相比呈现出四大特点:一是承担近代化任务主体不同;二是与学习西方列强同步进行;三是创办近代工业顺序不同;四是创办近代工业方式不同。

China’s modernization emerged from ‘Self- strengthening Movement’initiated by the Landlord Class,who had the tendency towards capitalism and was full of desires for self- strengthening and wealth. They advocated ‘a self- strengthening movement’,centering on the adoption of Western scientific knowledge,machines and firearms. Giving the specificity of‘China’s semi- colonial and semi- feudal society’,there are some differences between China’s and Western modernization,which are shown in four aspects： the mission of modernization,learning from western powers,the order of establishing the modern industries and the way of creating the modern industries.