产业集聚与企业全要素生产率:基于中国制造业的证据

Industrial Agglomeration and Total Factor Productivity of Enterprise:Evidence from Chinese Manufacturing

基于1998-2007年中国工业企业数据库数据,对产业集聚和制造业企业全要素生产率之间的关系进行研究,并运用OP半参数估计方法对企业层面的全要素生产率进行测算。结果显示,产业集聚对企业全要素生产率有显著正向影响。同时,运用工具变量对潜在的内生性问题进行控制,研究得出的结论表明,产业集聚与企业全要素生产率之间存在正相关关系,这种关系在非国有企业中表现得尤为显著。此外,在稳健性检验中,将产业集聚效应进行分解,得出邻近企业数量是影响企业全要素生产率的主要因素的观点,也进一步佐证产业集聚通过知识溢出、人才流动和适度的同行业竞争来促进企业技术革新和组织制度完善,从而提升企业生产率。

The paper aims to make an investigation on the relationship between the industrial agglomeration and firm- level TFP by using the China＇s National Bureau of Statistics from year 1998 to 2007. We use the OP semiparametric estimation method to estimate the firm- level TFP,and conclude that the industrial agglomeration has a significant positive effect on the firm- level TFP. At the same time,We employ instrumental variables to control the potential endogeneity issues,and the result confirms the positive relationship between industrial agglomeration and TFP,which is especially significant in non- SOE firms. In addition,we decompose the industrial agglomeration effect in robustness checks,and find that the number of neighboring firms is the main factor influencing the TFP,which embodies that industrial agglomeration improves firm- level TFP by technology innovations and improving organization system deriving from knowledge spillover,labor flow and moderate industrial competition.