产品层次差异下的中美产业内贸易比较

A Comparison of China-U. S. Intra- industry Trade Based on Products' Quality Difference

2008年金融危机之后,新一轮科技革命竞争和中美博弈日趋激烈。以中国和美国的产业竞争力为比较对象,在SITC标准下将产业技术层级划分为低、中、高技术业三个层次,计算基于产品层次差异的中美间产业内贸易指数,以更好地认识我国产业发展中的问题与不足。结果表明:2001-2013年,中国低层次产品对美出口力度较强,水平和垂直高层次产品则较弱,说明中国各产业的高附加值环节、整个价值链的实力仍旧不足。同时,相比低技术和高技术产业,中等技术产业整体产业内贸易指数最显著,其水平和高层次产业内贸易指数亦如此,表明中国在三种不同技术密集度产业的结构优化上,取得了一定成效。国内外诸多因素阻碍中国高技术产业的高端化发展,以及其对其他产业转型升级的带动作用。对此,从外部和内部两个维度提出促进我国产业优化升级的建议。

After the financial crisis in 2008,the competition in the new technological revolution and the game playing between China and U. S. become fiercer. Under these circumstance and based on products＇ quality difference,the intra-industry trade index between the two countries is computed in terms of low,medium and high technology industries,which aims to better show Chinese industrial competitiveness and weakness.Results show that： From 2001 to 2013,China is strong in low-level exports to U. S.,but weak in medium and high level,which shows China＇s competitiveness is weak in high value-added chains and the whole value chain of each industry. Meanwhile,comparing to low and high technology industries,the whole intra-industry trade index of the medium technology industry is most remarkable,so as for its medium and high level intra-industry trade index,which shows China＇s progress in the structure optimization of the three different technology-intensity industries to some extent. Then reasons are analyzed in terms of the situations above. Finally,conclusions and suggestions about the upgrading of these industries are made.