果蔬采后病原真菌分泌胞外酶的研究进展

Progress in Extracellular Enzymes Secreted by Postharvest Decay Fungi in Fruits and Vegetables

果蔬采后腐烂大部分由真菌引起,真菌侵染寄主后能否导致发病,取决于病原菌的致病能力、寄主自身的防卫反应和环境条件。在适宜的环境条件下,病原菌大量繁殖,并通过分泌胞外酶、产生毒素和病原物激素从而引起寄主发病。在发病过程中,胞外酶是最重要的致病因子。本文综述了病原真菌产生胞外酶的种类、致病机理及影响因素,为果蔬采后病害的控制提供理论依据。

Postharvest decay of fruits and vegetables is mainly caused by fungi. The pathogenicity of the fungi, host defenseresponses and environmental conditions can affect decay severity of fruits and vegetables. Generally, under appropriateenvironmental conditions, the pathogens multiply, secrete extracellular enzymes and produce toxins and hormones that causethe decay of their host fruits and vegetables. Extracellular enzymes secreted by the fungi play the most important role in theoccurrence of postharvest diseases. This paper reviews the classification of extracellular enzymes produced pathogenic fungias well as the mechanism and influencing factors of their pathogenicity aiming to provide a theoretical basis for postharvestdisease control of fruits and vegetables.