挤压膨化辅助提取玉米蛋白粉中玉米黄色素工艺优化

Optimization of Extrusion-Assisted Extraction of Yellow Pigment from Corn Gluten Powder

研究挤压膨化预处理对玉米蛋白粉色素提取的影响,探讨挤压膨化可有效提高玉米黄色素提取量的原因,并对玉米黄色素的组分进行初步分析。结果表明,挤压膨化预处理可显著提高玉米黄色素的提取量,当物料水分含量18%、螺杆转速160 r/min、挤压筒温度150℃时,玉米黄色素提取量可达到(59.03±1.86)mg/g,比未处理提高了149.70%;通过扫描电子显微镜对挤压膨化前后玉米蛋白粉微观结构的分析结果显示,挤压膨化预处理可使玉米蛋白粉颗粒内外形态发生明显改变,内部致密结构遭到破坏,从而增大了玉米黄色素提取量;经高效液相色谱对挤压膨化预处理后提取的玉米黄色素进行初步分析表明,其主要成分为玉米黄质、叶黄素等类胡萝卜素。

In order to improve the efficiency of pigment extraction from corn gluten powder, the effects and underlyingmechanism of extrusion pretreatment on the extraction rate of yellow pigment from corn gluten powder were studied, andcomponents of the pigment were analyzed. The results indicated that pigment yield increased obviously after extrusion. Theoptimal extrusion conditions were found as follows： moisture content, 18%; extruder barrel temperature, 150 ℃; and screwspeed, 160 r/min. Under these conditions, the pigment yield reached （59.03 ± 1.86） mg/g, which was 149.70% higher thanthat from non-extruded corn gluten powder. The microstructure observed by scanning electron microscope （SEM） showedthat the external morphology and internal structure of corn gluten powder were destroyed and significantly changed afterextrusion, leading to increased yield of yellow pigment. The high performance liquid chromatographic （HPLC） profile of thepigment showed that the main components consisted of zeaxanthin, lutein and other carotenoids.