农副食品加工行业废水治理成本的经济分析及政策启示

Economic analysis on industrial wastewater treatment costs and policy implications for the agricultural byproducts processing industry in China

以农副食品加工行业为例,构建了工业行业废水治理投资和运行费用函数,分析了废水治理投资和运行费用与废水处理规模、企业性质、废水处理技术、企业所在区域、子行业等因素的关系。结果表明:(1)农副食品加工行业的单位废水治理投资和运行费用呈现显著的规模递减效应;(2)向非国有制方向发展的所有制改革并非一定能使废水治理成本降低,外资企业的废水治理成本高于国有企业;(3)民营企业废水治理成本较国有企业低不一定是由于废水治理绩效改善带来的,而可能是由于企业环保意识薄弱、压缩治理成本、超标排污导致的;(4)废水治理成本在地区间具有显著差异,西部地区废水治理规模远大于东、中部地区,规模递减效应导致西部地区单位废水治理投资和运行费用最低;(5)技术因素也是废水治理成本的影响因素之一,化学工艺的废水治理投资费用低于生物工艺,但运行费用高于生物工艺。

The construction and operation cost functions of industrial wastewater treatment were explored based on a case study of the agricultural byproducts processing industry in China.In this study,the influence of the main factors including wastewater treatment scale,enterprise ownership,wastewater treatment technology,region and subsector on the construction and operation cost of industrial wastewater treatment was analyzed.The major findings of this paper were as follows:(1)Unit wastewater treatment costs in the agricultural byproducts processing industry showed a great decreasing scale effect.(2)Ownership reform towards non-state-owned enterprises would not necessarily cause improvements in wastewater treatment efficiency by reducing the costs;the wastewater treatment costs for foreign enterprises were higher than that for state-owned ones.(3)The relatively low costs in private enterprises were not necessarily caused by the improvement of wastewater treatment efficiency related to ownership transition,but possibly by relatively low environmental awareness,or even illegal over-standard discharge.(4)Wastewater treatment costs in the agricultural byproducts processing industry differed greatly among different regions,where the eastern and the middle of China had higher wastewater treatment costs.(5)The chemical process had lower construction cost but higher operation cost compared with biological process.