培育方式对和牛犊牛健康及生长发育的影响

Effect of Different Culture Ways on Health and Development of Japanese Black Calves

本试验旨在研究在寒冷地区不同培育方式对和牛犊牛健康及生长发育的影响。选取20头健康、初生的和牛犊牛,采用单因素随机分组设计,分为2组。对照组采用母牛带犊自然哺乳方式培育犊牛,试验组采用人工哺乳方式培育犊牛。试验期为180d,定期测定犊牛体重和体尺指标,观察犊牛健康状况。结果显示,犊牛在3月龄断奶时,试验组犊牛断奶体重及日增重显著高于对照组(P<0.05);试验组6月龄时体重及日增重显著高于对照组(P<0.05);对照组犊牛粪便指数、腹泻率、腹泻频率及死亡率均高于试验组的犊牛,其中腹泻率与腹泻频率两组间差异显著(P<0.05)。对照组犊牛呼吸系统疾病发病率、发病频率及死亡率也均高于试验组犊牛,且均差异显著(P<0.05)。结果提示,人工饲养培育和牛犊牛提高了和牛犊牛成活率,降低了犊牛腹泻和犊牛呼吸道疾病等的发病率,可充分发挥提高犊牛断奶体重的潜力,不仅降低了养殖和牛的经济成本,也提高优质肉牛的经济效益。

The test was conducted to study the effect of different culture ways on health and development of Japanese Black calves in cold area,20 healthy and newborn calves were divided into2 groups using single factor randomized block design.Calves of control group were fed using traditional feeding method while calves of experimental group were fed using artificial feeding method.The test period was 180 d,body weight and body steep size indexes of calves were measured,and the health condition of calves were observed.The results showed that when weaned at3 months old,body weight and average daily gain of calves in experimental group were significantly higher than that of control group（P〈0.05）;Body weight and average daily gain of calves with6 months old in experimental group were significantly higher than that of control group（P〈0.05）;The fecal index,diarrhea rate,diarrhea frequency and death rate of experimental group were lower than that of control group,and the difference of diarrhea rate and diarrhea frequency were significant（P〈0.05）.And the respiratory disease incidence,incidence frequency and death rate of experimental group were lower than that of control group,the difference of the three indexes were significant（P〈0.05）.The results suggested that artificial feeding method could improve the Japanese Black calves survival rate,strengthen the prevention of diarrhea and respiratory disease and sufficiently play the potential to improve calf weaning weight.It not only could reduce the economic costs of farms,and also significantly improve the economic efficiency of domestic high-quality beef cattle.